Illustrations and pictures are as important as the written word in communicating ideas. Discuss.

Points to discuss for the importance of illustrations and pictures in comparison to the written word

  • consider how illustrations can communicate ideas and concepts as much as the written word can
  • explore areas where illustrations/pictures are more or less effective than the written word
  • make a judgement, based on a consideration of the evidence and argument put forward.
  • the evident pleasure children take in the illustrations in so-called ‘picture books’
  • the damage that might be done by encouraging children at an early stage to be wary of illustration
  • the richness of language used in interpreting illustrations and pictures
  • how difficult or painful ideas can be expressed in illustration
  • how the illustrations that accompany poems, stories and plays increase enjoyment and appreciation
  • interpretation of paintings demands an eye for detail and mood
  • how body language needs to be read visually and is often subject to misinterpretation
  • graphic novels, and comics, rely on the visual as well as the written to convey ideas and subject matter.

Evaluate the importance of ‘the hero/heroine’ to readers of fiction books.

Points of discussion for the importance of the hero/heroine to readers of fiction

  • consider the importance of ‘the hero’ to readers of fiction books
  • show an understanding of other appealing elements of fiction books to their readers
  • make a judgement, based on consideration of the evidence and argument put forward.
  • ‘the hero’ having ideal qualities which the fiction reader can admire and attempt to emulate
  • ‘the hero’ being engaging and likeable, so the reader is carried along with the story, caring about the outcome
  • heroic actions or characters may be lacking in the reader’s daily life, so fiction fills the gap
  • heroes of children’s literature, in particular, teaching universal moral lessons and acting as role models
  • ‘the hero’, for example in tragedy, may have a ‘fatal flaw’ and thus be fascinating, realistic and relatable
  • villains or anti-heroes being more appealing, interesting and engaging, depending on the genre or setting
  • heroes not always being fully believable, with idealised behaviour, thoughts and actions
  • other elements of fictional books may appeal to readers more.

Evaluate the effectiveness of public transport provision in your country.

Points of discussion for the effectiveness of public transport provision

  • review the current effectiveness of public transport system in their own country
  • consider the environmental and accessibility concerns involved
  • make a judgement, based on the consideration of the evidence and argument put forward.
  • the possible differences between public and private ownership of any transport systems in their own country
  • the necessity to tackle the environmental issues caused by pollution due to ineffective transport systems
  • those antiquated infrastructures are not fit for today’s travel needs
  • the use of greener alternatives to the current transport systems and their issues of cost and availability
  • safety concerns for passengers and pedestrians whilst using public transport
  • the efficient movement of people being necessary for economic purposes
  • the investment in new routes and networks to reach more remote areas
  • the reliability and availability of the transport service to different regions.

Examine the extent to which information and communications technology is having a negative impact on your country.

Points to discuss negative impact of information and communications technology

  • assess the productive uses of information and communications technology (ICT) within a society
  • evaluate scenarios where the use of ICT may not be positive
  • make a judgement, based on the consideration of the evidence and argument put forward.
  • how ICT is having a positive effect in developing systems, procedures and methods
  • the benefits of ICT in the enforcement of the law
  • the use of ICT as a form of communication enabling remote meetings
  • the use of ICT within medicine and science as a tool for treatment, research, and the evaluation of data
  • how the overuse of ICT can cause a sense of being monitored and curb freedoms
  • the unreliability of some systems and platforms where data is lost
  • ICT being used to improve business efficiency and responsiveness to the market
  • the lack of the personal touch that ICT can bring.

Assess whether a one-party system is an effective form of government

Possible points for discussing whether the one-party system is effective

  • show understanding of a one-party system and its working
  • consider the advantages and disadvantages of the one-party system
  • make a judgment based on the consideration of the evidence and argument put forward.
  • the one-party system is an effective and stable administration enabling long-term plans to be made without disruption
  • continual economic progress where there is no tension between rival parties
  • all power being concentrated in the hands of one leader
  • there being unity and discipline in a country without opposing factions
  • disallowing any form of free expression or opposition to the views of the state
  • fears of a dictatorship and the end of democracy and debate
  • social freedoms being crushed stifling individuality and personality
  • the reality that opponents of this system are not tolerated.

Studying local history is as important as world history. Discuss.

Possible points for discussing the importance of studying local history

  • discuss the concept of the history of people, places and events at a local level
  • consider the importance of studying local history compared with national or world history
  • make a judgement, based on consideration of the evidence and argument put forward.
  • local history writing, records and archives having immediate interest and relevance
  • local history recording people’s lives and experiences that relate to world events
  • the celebration of culture, society and language of smaller groups
  • local history being an immense source of pride and a useful local resource
  • local history enabling the young and future generations to understand their forebears
  • the writings of highly enthusiastic amateurs, with a direct connection to the area and subject matter
  • problems arising around interpretation and emphasis at a local level
  • local history being seen as unimportant in the context of international events.

Countries with poor human rights records should not be allowed to host international sporting events. Discuss.

Possible points for allowing countries with poor human rights records to host sporting events.

  • consider why certain countries are deemed to violate human rights
  • evaluate the importance of hosting international sporting events in a range of countries
  • make a judgement, based on consideration of the evidence and argument put forward about allowing countries with poor human rights records to host sporting events.
  • hosting these events being profitable and creating employment for all kinds of people
  • the possible endorsement of morally questionable actions by nations and governing bodies
  • those countries which feel their status is reflected in sporting achievement
  • events being unjustifiable when citizens lack rights or live in extreme poverty
  • there being a strong case for excluding countries which tolerate forms of cheating
  • those countries which make positive changes in order to be internationally acceptable
  • contact with sportspeople and spectators having a positive impact on the home population
  • human rights being a contestable issue for a variety of social and cultural reasons.

Unlike the Arts, such as writing or music, Mathematics lacks the capacity for creativity. How far do you agree with this statement?

Imagine a world stripped of its artistic essence, devoid of captivating melodies, poetic verses, and masterpieces that inspire the soul. Now envision the absence of mathematical marvels, precise calculations, and intricate patterns that form the foundation of our scientific understanding. In such a scenario, some argue that mathematics, unlike the arts, lacks the capacity for creativity. However, it can be firmly contended that this viewpoint is flawed and mathematics does not lack creativity. This essay will explore the creative realm of mathematics, highlighting its profound capacity for creativity through its problem-solving nature, the elegance of mathematical proofs, and its application in real-life scenarios.

Mathematics is a realm of endless problems waiting to be solved, requiring imaginative and innovative thinking. Mathematicians often encounter complex problems, necessitating the exploration of uncharted territories to find unique solutions. For example, in the late 20th century, the four-colour theorem posed a challenging problem in graph theory: Can any map be coloured with only four colours, such that no two adjacent regions share the same colour? Mathematicians Kenneth Appel and Wolfgang Haken developed extraordinary proof using innovative techniques, including computer-assisted methods, to demonstrate the validity of the theorem. This feat required creative problem-solving skills and an unconventional approach. Another example can be found in the field of optimization, where mathematicians apply creative thinking to maximize or minimize a given objective. In the realm of operations research, the travelling salesman problem serves as a classic illustration. This problem seeks the most efficient route for a salesman to visit a set of cities and return to the starting point. To find the optimal solution, various creative approaches, such as genetic algorithms and simulated annealing, have been employed, demonstrating the creativity required to tackle mathematical problems. Therefore, mathematics does not lack creativity because like arts it also requires imaginative and innovative thinking.

Mathematical proofs exhibit an inherent aesthetic appeal that rivals the aesthetics found in art forms. A well-crafted proof is akin to a symphony, harmoniously intertwining ideas, logic, and creativity. One notable example is Gödel’s incompleteness theorems, which shook the foundations of mathematics in the 20th century. Kurt Gödel’s proof ingeniously showed that any formal system of mathematics would either be incomplete or inconsistent. This ground-breaking result required creative thinking and a deep understanding of logic, showcasing the elegance and creative nature of mathematical proofs. Another captivating example lies in the field of fractal geometry, where mathematical objects exhibit intricate self-similarity and fascinating patterns. The Mandelbrot set, discovered by Benoit Mandelbrot, is a prime illustration. Its complex and infinitely detailed structure emerge from a simple iterative equation. Exploring the Mandelbrot set and its countless intricate features requires both mathematical rigour and artistic intuition, demonstrating the creative interplay between mathematics and aesthetics. Therefore, mathematics does not lack creativity because the aesthetic appeal of mathematical proofs is on par with that of artistic creations.

Mathematics transcends theoretical abstraction and finds practical applications in diverse fields, demonstrating its creative potential. Through its practical applications, mathematics not only solves real-world problems but also showcases its capacity for creativity. One compelling example of mathematics’ practical application is in the field of computer graphics. The creation of visually stunning computer-generated imagery (CGI) in movies and video games relies heavily on mathematical principles. From rendering realistic textures and lighting effects to simulating fluid dynamics and complex physics, mathematical algorithms play a vital role in bringing imaginative worlds to life. Another fascinating application of mathematics can be found in the field of financial modelling. Financial institutions and investors rely on mathematical models to make informed decisions about investments, risk management, and portfolio optimization. The Black-Scholes-Merton model, for instance, creatively combines mathematical concepts to determine the fair value of options and other derivatives. By applying creative mathematical modelling techniques, financial professionals can navigate complex financial landscapes and make strategic decisions. Therefore, mathematics lacks creativity is just a misconception, because it finds practical application in real-life scenarios.

Opponents may argue that mathematics is solely about logical reasoning and follows strict rules, leaving no room for creativity. However, this viewpoint fails to recognize that creativity in mathematics lies in the process of discovery, problem-solving strategies, and the elegance of mathematical proofs. It is not merely about subjective expression but about harnessing imagination to uncover new truths and solutions.

In conclusion, the claim that mathematics lacks creativity compared to the arts is misguided. Mathematics encompasses a creative realm that fosters problem-solving, exhibits beauty through elegant proofs, and finds practical applications in real-life scenarios. The creative nature of mathematics is evident in its profound impact on the world. As we acknowledge the artistic essence concealed within the realm of mathematics, we expand our perception of creativity and embrace its elegant solutions’ profound beauty.

Assess the importance of learning a second language.

Possible points for discussing the importance of learning a second language

  • examine why learning a second language is important
  • consider why learning another language may not be important
  • make a judgement, based on the evidence and argument put forward.
  • in multi-lingual societies, knowing more than one language promotes social harmony and understanding
  • it is useful when travelling abroad as understanding local languages can be helpful for many practical reasons
  • fewer schools in some areas of the world are teaching foreign languages due to a shortage of funding
  • widening job and education opportunities as knowledge of another language can be an advantage
  • boosting brain power and memory, when learning something new and developing communication skills
  • wide availability of translation apps and software diminishes the need to learn another language
  • experiencing new cultures and ideas with others across the world
  • it is easier to learn another language as a child; many children have parents who speak different languages at home
  • speakers of widely-used languages may find it less important to learn another language.

Attending a live performance is the best way to experience music. Evaluate this statement.

Possible points about whether attending a life performance is the best way to experience music.

  • refer to experiences from live performances in their own lives
  • assess whether live performance is preferable to other forms of performing
  • make a judgement based on the consideration of evidence and argument put forward.
  • the atmosphere of a live venue making the experience more memorable
  • the opportunity for artists to perform a ‘one-off’ moment that is unique, like an improvisation
  • the mutual opportunity for fans and musicians to connect with one another during live performances
  • live performances and music festivals are events enjoyed by friends and family together
  • attending a live performance takes up a lot of time and being in one place
  • preferring to listen in private rather than having the distractions that are present in a live performance
  • listeners of recorded music have the choice of which track and order it is played in, for them that could be the best way to experience music
  • the relative cost of attending a live performance is high compared to the cost of a recording.