Tag: Politics

Raising a sport to international levels is the responsibility of the government. How far do you agree?

While governments play a crucial role in raising a sport to international levels by providing funding and infrastructure, private organisations and grassroots initiatives are equally essential for sustainable development and success.

I. Introduction

  • Hook: Sport at the international level can be promoted by grassroot organisations.
  • Background: Overview of the roles played by various stakeholders in sports development.
  • Thesis Statement: Governments are important for raising sports to international levels, but private organisations and grassroots initiatives also play key roles.

II. Supporting View 1: Government Funding and Infrastructure

III. Supporting View 2: National Policies and Regulations

IV. Supporting View 3: International Representation and Promotion

V. Opposing View 1: Role of Private Organisations

VI. Opposing View 2: Importance of Grassroots Initiatives

VII. Opposing View 3: Contribution of Non-Governmental Organisations (NGOs)

VIII. Conclusion

  • Restate Thesis: Governments are important for raising sports to international levels, but private organisations, grassroots initiatives, and NGOs also play key roles.
  • Summary of Key Points: Government funding, policies, promotion versus private investment, grassroots initiatives, NGO contributions.
  • Final Thought: A collaborative approach involving government, private sectors, and grassroots movements is essential for sustainable sports development.

A nation’s right to sovereignty takes precedence over human rights. Do you agree?

Prioritising human rights over sovereignty is essential.

I. Introduction

  • Hook: A nation’s sovereignty must not overshadow the fundamental rights of individuals.
  • Background: Overview of the tension between national sovereignty and human rights.
  • Thesis Statement: While sovereignty is crucial, it should not take precedence over human rights, as human rights ensure justice and dignity for all.

II. Supporting View 1: Importance of Sovereignty for Independence

III. Supporting View 2: Sovereignty in National Security

IV. Supporting View 3: Sovereignty in Cultural Preservation

V. Opposing View 1: Human Rights as Universal Standards

VI. Opposing View 2: International Accountability

VII. Opposing View 3: Long-term Peace and Stability

VIII. Conclusion

  • Restate Thesis: While sovereignty is crucial, it should not take precedence over human rights, as human rights ensure justice and dignity for all.
  • Summary of Key Points: Sovereignty for independence, security, and culture versus universal human rights, international accountability, long-term stability.
  • Final Thought: Balancing sovereignty with human rights is essential for global justice and enduring peace.

Desperate times call for desperate measures. To what extent is it justifiable for governments to adopt this approach?

While adopting desperate measures can be justified in extreme situations to ensure public safety and stability, it risks undermining democratic principles, human rights, and long-term societal trust. Ethics can be the guiding light.

I. Introduction

  • Hook: The end justifies the means. In times of crisis, government actions be justified.
  • Background: Overview of government responses to emergencies.
  • Thesis Statement: Desperate measures can be justified in extreme situations but risk undermining democratic principles, human rights, and long-term trust.

II. Supporting View 1: Ensuring Public Safety

  • Topic Sentence: Adopting desperate measures at times is justified to ensure public safety in extreme crises.
  • Example 1: New Zealand’s strict COVID-19 lockdown (2020-2021). Strict lockdown measures curbed virus spread effectively (source: BBC, 2020).
  • Example 2: Australia’s bushfire emergency response (2019-2020). Government enforced evacuations and firebreaks to protect lives (source: The Guardian, 2020). https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2020/jan/06/australian-bushfires-what-did-the-government-do
  • Example 3: Italy’s stringent earthquake measures (2016-2021).
    • Analysis: In extreme situations, urgent measures are necessary to protect public safety.

    III. Supporting View 2: Stabilising the Economy

    IV. Supporting View 3: Addressing National Security Threats

    V. Opposing View 1: Undermining Democratic Principles

    VI. Opposing View 2: Violating Human Rights

    VII. Opposing View 3: Eroding Public Trust

    VIII. Conclusion

    • Restate Thesis: Desperate measures can be justified in extreme situations to ensure public safety and stability, but they risk undermining democratic principles, human rights, and long-term societal trust.
    • Summary of Key Points: Public safety, economic stability, national security versus democratic principles, human rights, public trust.
    • Final Thought: Balancing immediate needs with long-term values is crucial for justifying extreme measures.

    Technological advancements always have a democratising effect. What is your view?

    Technological advancements can have a democratising effect by increasing access to information and resources, but they can also exacerbate inequalities and create new forms of control.

    I. Introduction

    • Hook: Modern day Luddites opine that tentacles of technology only cause more terror. Technology cannot bring about a democratising effect – only education can.
    • Background: Overview of technological advancements and their impact on society.
    • Thesis Statement: While technological advancements can democratise access, they can also deepen inequalities and enhance control mechanisms.

    II. Supporting View 1: Increased Access to Information

    • Topic Sentence: Technological advancements provides widespread access to information and can also change the world.
    • Example 1: India’s Digital India initiative (2015-2021) expanded internet access in rural areas. Millions gained access to educational and financial resources.
    • Example 2: Kenya’s M-Pesa mobile banking system (2010-2020) revolutionised financial inclusion. Enabled millions without traditional bank access to perform financial transactions.
    • Example 3: Brazil’s use of digital platforms for education (2019-2021) during the pandemic. Allowed continued learning despite school closures.
    • Analysis: Increased access to information empowers individuals and communities.

    III. Supporting View 2: Empowerment through Social Media

    • Topic Sentence: Technological advancements through social media empowers marginalised voices.
    • Example 1: Hong Kong protests (2019-2020) leveraged social media for organisation and awareness. Enabled activists to bypass traditional media censorship.
    • Example 2: Chile’s feminist movement (2018-2021) used social media to mobilise and advocate. Brought global attention to local issues.
    • Example 3: Nigerian End SARS movement (2020) used Twitter to coordinate and amplify protests. Highlighted police brutality and rallied international support.
    • Analysis: Social media platforms provide a voice to those traditionally excluded.

    IV. Supporting View 3: Enhanced Civic Participation

    • Topic Sentence: Technology advancements enhances civic engagement and participation.
    • Example 1: Taiwan’s online participatory budgeting (2016-2021) enabled direct citizen involvement in budget decisions. Increased transparency and accountability in governance.
    • Example 2: Estonia’s e-residency program (2014-2021) facilitated global entrepreneurship and democratic participation. Broadened civic engagement beyond borders.
    • Example 3: Iceland’s crowdsourced constitution (2011-2021) engaged citizens in drafting governance policies. Leveraged digital tools for democratic participation.
    • Analysis: Digital tools can foster greater civic engagement and transparency.

    V. Opposing View 1: Digital Divide and Inequality

    • Topic Sentence: Technology can widen the gap between rich and poor.
    • Example 1: India’s urban-rural digital divide (2015-2021) left many rural areas with inadequate internet access. Economic and educational opportunities remained unevenly distributed.
    • Example 2: South Africa’s unequal internet access (2010-2020) reinforced existing socioeconomic disparities. Wealthier areas benefitted more from technological advancements.
    • Example 3: Mexico’s digital exclusion of indigenous communities (2015-2021). Limited access to digital tools perpetuated marginalisation.
    • Analysis: Technological benefits are not evenly distributed, exacerbating existing inequalities.

    VI. Opposing View 2: Surveillance and Control

    • Topic Sentence: Technology can be used for surveillance and control.
    • Example 1: China’s social credit system (2014-2021) monitors and restricts citizen behaviour. Extensive surveillance limits personal freedoms.
    • Example 2: Russia’s internet censorship (2010-2020) controls and suppresses dissent. Government uses technology to stifle opposition.
    • Example 3: Iran’s digital surveillance during protests (2019-2021) tracked and detained activists. Technology used to oppress rather than empower.
    • Analysis: Technological advancements can be tools for authoritarian control.

    VII. Opposing View 3: Misinformation and Polarisation

    • Topic Sentence: Technology can spread misinformation and polarise societies.
    • Example 1: Brazil’s misinformation during the 2018 elections influenced voter behaviour. Fake news spread rapidly via social media.
    • Example 2: India’s WhatsApp misinformation campaigns (2016-2021) incited violence. False information led to real-world harm.
    • Example 3: France’s social media-driven protests (2018-2020) showed polarisation effects. Echo chambers reinforced divisive narratives.
    • Analysis: Technology can amplify misinformation, leading to social fragmentation.

    VIII. Conclusion

    • Restate Thesis: Technological advancements can democratise access and empower individuals, but also deepen inequalities and enable control.
    • Summary of Key Points: Increased information access, social media empowerment, civic participation, digital divide, surveillance, and misinformation.
    • Final Thought: Balancing technology’s benefits and risks is crucial for a just society.

    Nota benne:

    The word ‘always’ in the question requires the student to show that it is perpetually so, or that tech never ceases to perform its function as an enabler of democracy. Students will be severly marked down if they fail to address the keyword ‘always’.

    Do you think that the world is in a worse condition despite increased international cooperation?

    Despite increased international cooperation, the world remains plagued by various issues, indicating that such efforts have not significantly improved global conditions.

    I. Introduction

    • Hook: Increased international cooperation promised a better world, but reality tells a different story.
    • Background: Rise of international cooperation through organisations like the UN and WHO.
    • Thesis Statement: Increased international cooperation has not necessarily improved the world’s condition.

    II. Supporting View 1: Persisting Global Conflicts

    • Topic Sentence: Increased international cooperation has not resolved major global conflicts.
    • Example 1: Ongoing Syrian civil war (2011-present).
    • Example 2: Continued instability in Afghanistan (2014-present).
    • Example 3: Yemen’s humanitarian crisis (2014-present).
    • Analysis: These examples highlight the failure of international efforts to end conflicts.

    III. Supporting View 2: Environmental Degradation

    • Topic Sentence: Environmental issues persist despite increased international cooperation.
    • Example 1: Limited success of the Paris Agreement (2015-present).
    • Example 2: Amazon rainforest deforestation in Brazil (2010s-present).
    • Example 3: Ocean pollution and marine life threats (2010s-present).
    • Analysis: These instances show the inadequacy of international cooperation in addressing environmental crises.

    IV. Supporting View 3: Economic Inequality

    • Topic Sentence: Economic inequality remains a major issue worldwide.
    • Example 1: Worsening poverty in Sub-Saharan Africa (2010s-present).
    • Example 2: Economic disparity in India despite growth (2010s-present).
    • Example 3: Wealth inequality in Latin America (2010s-present).
    • Analysis: These cases illustrate that international cooperation has not effectively reduced economic disparities.

    V. Opposing View 1: Health Improvements

    • Topic Sentence: International cooperation has improved global health.
    • Example 1: Eradication of polio in Africa (2020).
    • Example 2: Global response to COVID-19 vaccine distribution (2020-present).
    • Example 3: Reduction of malaria cases in Southeast Asia (2010s-present).
    • Analysis: These examples demonstrate significant health advancements due to international collaboration.

    VI. Opposing View 2: Advancements in Human Rights

    • Topic Sentence: Increased international cooperation has advanced human rights.
    • Example 1: Legalisation of same-sex marriage in multiple countries (2010s-present).
    • Example 2: Global condemnation of human rights abuses in Myanmar (2017-present).
    • Example 3: Increased focus on gender equality in Scandinavian countries (2010s-present).
    • Analysis: These cases indicate the positive impact of international cooperation on human rights.

    VII. Opposing View 3: Economic Growth and Development

    • Topic Sentence: Increased international cooperation has spurred economic growth.
    • Example 1: Economic growth in Southeast Asian nations (2010s-present).
    • Example 2: African Union’s efforts to boost trade within Africa (2013-present).
    • Example 3: EU’s economic support to Eastern European countries (2010s-present).
    • Analysis: These instances show how international cooperation has contributed to economic development.

    VIII. Conclusion

    • Restate Thesis: Despite increased international cooperation, the world’s condition remains challenged.
    • Summary of Key Points: Recap the main supporting and opposing views.
    • Final Thought: Balancing continued cooperation with more effective strategies is crucial for global improvement.

    Reading References:

    1. Stiglitz, Joseph E. Globalization and Its Discontents Revisited. W.W. Norton & Company, 2017.
    2. Diamond, Jared. Upheaval: Turning Points for Nations in Crisis. Little, Brown and Company, 2019.

    Politicians cannot be idealistic in today’s world; they have to be pragmatic. Discuss.

    In today’s complex global landscape, politicians must prioritise pragmatism over idealism to address urgent issues effectively, though idealism can still inspire positive change.

    I. Introduction

    • Hook: The balance between idealism and pragmatism defines political leadership. Politicians must prioritise pragmatism over idealism to bring its people and country forward instead of living in fantasy.
    • Background: Overview of the current political climate.
    • Thesis Statement: Politicians must prioritise pragmatism over idealism to address urgent issues effectively. On a limited basis, idealism can inspire some change.

    II. Supporting View 1: Pragmatism Ensures Realistic Solutions

    • Topic Sentence: Politicians must prioritise pragmatism over idealism as only pragmatic politicians can implement feasible solutions.
    • Example 1: Germany’s pragmatic energy policies (2014-present) balance renewables and coal.
    • Example 2: Singapore’s pragmatic housing policies (2010-present) ensured affordability.
    • Example 3: India’s pragmatic economic reforms (2014-present) boosted growth.
    • Analysis: These examples show how pragmatism leads to effective, realistic policies.

    III. Supporting View 2: Pragmatism Navigates Political Realities

    • Topic Sentence: Politicians must prioritise pragmatism over idealism, as pragmatism helps navigate complex political realities.
    • Example 1: UK’s pragmatic Brexit negotiations (2016-2022) aimed to mitigate disruption.
    • Example 2: Colombia’s pragmatic peace deal (2016) ended a long conflict.
    • Example 3: Japan’s pragmatic approach to North Korea (2010-present) maintains stability.
    • Analysis: These instances demonstrate how pragmatism helps manage political complexities.

    IV. Supporting View 3: Pragmatism Addresses Immediate Needs

    • Topic Sentence: Pragmatic politicians focus on urgent, immediate needs.
    • Example 1: New Zealand’s pragmatic COVID-19 response (2020-present) saved lives.
    • Example 2: Canada’s pragmatic immigration policies (2015-present) addressed labour shortages.
    • Example 3: South Korea’s pragmatic tech policies (2010-present) drove innovation.
    • Analysis: These cases illustrate how pragmatism addresses urgent needs effectively.

    V. Opposing View 1: Idealism Inspires Long-term Vision

    • Topic Sentence: Idealistic politicians inspire long-term visionary goals.
    • Example 1: Sweden’s climate-neutral goal (2017-present) promotes sustainability.
    • Example 2: France’s idealistic education reforms (2012-present) aimed at equality.
    • Example 3: Norway’s humanitarian policies (2015-present) support global peace.
    • Analysis: These examples highlight how idealism can drive significant long-term progress.

    VI. Opposing View 2: Idealism Upholds Moral Integrity

    • Topic Sentence: Idealism maintains moral and ethical integrity.
    • Example 1: Finland’s idealistic stance on human rights (2010-present) sets global standards.
    • Example 2: Iceland’s idealistic environmental policies (2010-present) preserve nature.
    • Example 3: Switzerland’s idealistic neutrality (2010-present) promotes global diplomacy.
    • Analysis: These cases demonstrate how idealism preserves ethical and moral standards.

    VII. Opposing View 3: Idealism Attracts Public Support

    • Topic Sentence: Idealistic politicians gain public trust and support.
    • Example 1: Jacinda Ardern’s idealistic leadership in New Zealand (2017-present) boosts popularity.
    • Example 2: Canada’s idealistic health care policies (2015-present) ensure public welfare.
    • Example 3: Bhutan’s idealistic Gross National Happiness policy (2010-present) inspires the nation.
    • Analysis: These examples show how idealism can attract and retain public support.

    VIII. Conclusion

    • Restate Thesis: Politicians must prioritise pragmatism over idealism, though idealism can inspire positive change.
    • Summary of Key Points: Recap main supporting and opposing views.
    • Final Thought: Balancing pragmatism and idealism is key to effective political leadership.

    Reading References:

    1. Fukuyama, Francis. Political Order and Political Decay: From the Industrial Revolution to the Globalization of Democracy. Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2014.
    2. Mounk, Yascha. The People vs. Democracy: Why Our Freedom Is in Danger and How to Save It. Harvard University Press, 2018.

    Do you agree with the view that the most dangerous threats to mankind today are political and religious extremism?

    Political and religious extremism pose significant threats to mankind today, though other factors such as climate change, economic instability, and technological risks are equally dangerous.

    I. Introduction

    • Hook: Threats to mankind in the form of extremist ideologies often dominate headlines and incite fear globally.
    • Background: Overview of recent instances of political and religious extremism.
    • Thesis Statement: Political and religious extremism pose significant threats to mankind today, though other factors such as climate change, economic instability, and technological risks are equally dangerous.

    II. Supporting View 1: Political Extremism

    • Topic Sentence: Political extremism destabilises societies and endangers lives.
    • Example 1: The Syrian civil war (2011-present) has caused immense suffering.
    • Example 2: Venezuela’s political crisis (2013-present) led to mass displacement.
    • Example 3: Myanmar’s military coup (2021) resulted in widespread violence.
    • Analysis: These examples show how political extremism disrupts peace and stability.

    III. Supporting View 2: Religious Extremism

    • Topic Sentence: Religious extremism incites violence and terror.
    • Example 1: Boko Haram’s insurgency in Nigeria (2010-present) caused many deaths.
    • Example 2: Sri Lanka’s Easter bombings (2019) killed hundreds.
    • Example 3: ISIS attacks in Europe (2015-2017) spread fear and chaos.
    • Analysis: These instances highlight the lethal impact of religious extremism.

    IV. Supporting View 3: Global Influence of Extremism

    • Topic Sentence: Extremism’s global reach amplifies its threat to mankind.
    • Example 1: Spread of far-right movements in Europe (2015-present).
    • Example 2: Rise of jihadist groups in Africa (2010-present).
    • Example 3: Influence of extremist ideologies on social media (2010-present).
    • Analysis: The global influence of extremism intensifies its danger to mankind.

    V. Opposing View 1: Climate Change

    • Topic Sentence: Climate change poses a more existential threat.
    • Example 1: Australia’s bushfires (2019-2020) devastated ecosystems.
    • Example 2: Floods in South Asia (2020) displaced millions.
    • Example 3: Droughts in Africa (2015-present) exacerbated food insecurity.
    • Analysis: These events demonstrate the severe impact of climate change on human survival.

    VI. Opposing View 2: Economic Instability

    • Topic Sentence: Economic instability threatens global stability and is a threat to mankind.
    • Example 1: Greece’s debt crisis (2010-2018) caused widespread hardship.
    • Example 2: Argentina’s financial crisis (2018-present) led to severe poverty.
    • Example 3: Lebanon’s economic collapse (2019-present) resulted in mass protests.
    • Analysis: Economic instability can destabilise nations and affect millions.

    VII. Opposing View 3: Technological Risks

    • Topic Sentence: Technological advancements can also pose significant threats.
    • Example 1: Cyberattacks on critical infrastructure in Ukraine (2015-present).
    • Example 2: Data privacy breaches in Europe (2015-present).
    • Example 3: AI misuse concerns in China (2010-present).
    • Analysis: These examples highlight the dangers of unchecked technological advancements.

    VIII. Conclusion

    • Restate Thesis: Political and religious extremism pose significant threats, but other factors such as climate change, economic instability, and technological risks are equally dangerous.
    • Summary of Key Points: Recap the main supporting and opposing views.
    • Final Thought: Addressing these threats requires a comprehensive approach that considers all potential dangers to mankind.

    Reading References:

    1. Hoffman, Bruce. Inside Terrorism. Columbia University Press, 2017.
    2. Stern, Jessica, and J.M. Berger. ISIS: The State of Terror. Ecco, 2015.
    3. Mann, Michael E. The Madhouse Effect: How Climate Change Denial Is Threatening Our Planet, Destroying Our Politics, and Driving Us Crazy. Columbia University Press, 2016.
    4. Old but still gold: https://www.pewresearch.org/religion/2005/10/21/in-gods-name-evaluating-the-links-between-religious-extremism-and-terrorism/

    A good leader must be a good follower. Is this necessarily true?

    A good leader often benefits from being a good follower, gaining essential skills and insights. However, leadership also requires independent thinking and decisive action, which do not always align with the premise of the question.

    I. Introduction

    • Hook: Leadership and followership are often seen as opposing roles.
    • Background: Brief overview of leadership qualities and the importance of followership.
    • Thesis Statement: A good leader often benefits from being a good follower, gaining essential skills and insights. However, leadership also requires independent thinking and decisive action, which do not always align with following.

    II. Supporting View 1: Understanding Team Dynamics

    • Topic Sentence: Good followers understand team dynamics, which is crucial for effective leadership.
    • Example 1: In 2020, Jacinda Ardern’s collaborative approach in New Zealand showed strong team dynamics.
    • Example 2: In 2018, Emmanuel Macron’s rise involved understanding and working within different political groups in France.
    • Example 3: In 2021, Sanna Marin’s leadership in Finland highlighted her ability to engage with her team.
    • Analysis: These examples show that understanding team dynamics enhances leadership effectiveness.

    III. Supporting View 2: Empathy and Support

    • Topic Sentence: Good followers develop empathy and the ability to support others, crucial for leaders.
    • Example 1: In 2017, Angela Merkel’s empathetic response to the refugee crisis showed her understanding of people’s needs in Germany.
    • Example 2: In 2019, Justin Trudeau’s supportive policies in Canada demonstrated empathy.
    • Example 3: In 2018, Leo Varadkar’s leadership in Ireland reflected his supportive approach to social issues.
    • Analysis: These cases illustrate how empathy and support are vital leadership qualities developed through good followership.

    IV. Supporting View 3: Learning from Leaders

    • Topic Sentence: Good followers learn from their leaders, which is essential for their own leadership development.
    • Example 1: In 2018, Theresa May’s experience under David Cameron in the UK shaped her leadership.
    • Example 2: In 2019, Japan’s Shinzo Abe benefited from his early political roles.
    • Example 3: In 2020, Pedro Sánchez of Spain grew through his political experiences.
    • Analysis: These examples highlight how learning from leaders can prepare individuals for their own leadership roles.

    V. Opposing View 1: Independent Thinking

    • Topic Sentence: Leadership requires independent thinking, which does not always align with being a follower.
    • Example 1: In 2019, Narendra Modi’s decisive actions in India showed independent leadership.
    • Example 2: In 2018, Saudi Arabia’s Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman demonstrated independent, sometimes controversial, decisions.
    • Example 3: In 2020, Ukraine’s Volodymyr Zelensky showed strong independent leadership in crisis.
    • Analysis: These cases demonstrate how independent thinking is crucial for effective leadership.

    VI. Opposing View 2: Decisiveness and Authority

    • Topic Sentence: Leaders need to make decisive and authoritative decisions, which followers may not always do.
    • Example 1: In 2021, Boris Johnson’s handling of the UK’s COVID-19 response required decisive leadership.
    • Example 2: In 2020, South Korea’s Moon Jae-in took decisive actions against COVID-19.
    • Example 3: In 2019, Ethiopia’s Abiy Ahmed’s peace efforts required authoritative decisions.
    • Analysis: These instances show that decisiveness and authority are essential for leadership, sometimes contrasting with followership.

    VII. Opposing View 3: Vision and Innovation

    • Topic Sentence: Effective leaders often have a vision and drive innovation, which followers may lack.
    • Example 1: In 2020, Taiwan’s Tsai Ing-wen showed innovative leadership in technology and health.
    • Example 2: In 2018, Rwanda’s Paul Kagame led with a vision for technological advancement.
    • Analysis: These examples illustrate that having a vision and driving innovation are key leadership traits.

    VIII. Conclusion

    • Restate Thesis: While being a good follower can enhance leadership skills, effective leadership also requires independent thinking, decisiveness, and vision.
    • Summary of Key Points: Recap the main supporting and opposing views.
    • Final Thought: A balanced approach that integrates followership experiences with independent leadership traits is ideal.

    This essay is overly focused on politicians and may not score well, although it has many examples. It is important to provide a broad perspective of where leaders are needed. Leaders can be found in schools, the military, prisons, and any place where hierarchies are required, i.e., even at home.

    Is the cost of developing a national identity too high?

    The cost of developing a national identity can be high due to potential social and economic conflicts. However, it is essential for unity and cultural preservation.

    I. Introduction

    • Hook: National identity shapes a nation’s character and values.
    • Background: Overview of the importance and costs of developing national identity.
    • Thesis Statement: The cost of developing a national identity can be high due to potential social and economic conflicts. However, it is essential for unity and cultural preservation.

    II. Supporting View 1: Social Conflict

    • Topic Sentence: Developing a national identity can lead to social conflict.
    • Example 1: In 2017, Catalonia’s push for independence caused severe tension in Spain.
    • Example 2: In 2014, Scotland’s independence referendum divided the UK.
    • Example 3: In 2019, the Hong Kong protests highlighted identity struggles within China.
    • Analysis: These examples show how efforts to develop national identity can cause social unrest and division.

    III. Supporting View 2: Economic Costs

    • Topic Sentence: Developing a national identity can incur significant economic costs.
    • Example 1: In 2016, Brexit led to economic uncertainty in the UK.
    • Example 2: In 2018, Italy’s nationalist policies strained its economy and EU relations.
    • Example 3: In 2020, India’s national identity campaigns, like “Make in India,” faced economic challenges.
    • Analysis: These instances demonstrate how national identity efforts can lead to substantial economic costs.

    IV. Opposing View 1: Unity and Social Cohesion

    • Topic Sentence: National identity fosters unity and social cohesion.
    • Example 1: In 2021, Japan’s Olympics fostered national pride and unity.
    • Example 2: In 2018, France’s World Cup victory boosted national morale.
    • Example 3: In 2017, Finland’s centenary celebrations reinforced national unity.
    • Analysis: These examples illustrate how a strong national identity can bring people together and foster a sense of belonging.

    V. Opposing View 2: Cultural Preservation

    • Topic Sentence: Developing a national identity helps preserve cultural heritage.
    • Example 1: In 2021, South Korea promoted its cultural heritage through K-pop and K-dramas.
    • Example 2: In 2016, India celebrated its cultural diversity through various national initiatives.
    • Example 3: In 2020, Ireland’s cultural festivals reinforced its unique identity.
    • Analysis: These instances highlight how national identity efforts help preserve and promote cultural heritage.

    VI. Conclusion

    • Restate Thesis: While developing a national identity can be costly due to social and economic conflicts, it is essential for unity and cultural preservation.
    • Summary of Key Points: Recap the main supporting and opposing views.
    • Final Thought: Balance efforts to foster national identity with strategies to mitigate social and economic costs.

    Examine the claim that patriotism is of little value in modern times.

    While some argue that patriotism has diminished in value due to globalisation and modern challenges, others believe it remains essential for national unity and identity.

    I. Introduction

    • Hook: Patriotism is often debated in today’s globalised world.
    • Background: Overview of patriotism’s role historically and in contemporary society.
    • Thesis Statement: While some argue that patriotism has diminished in value due to globalisation and modern challenges, others believe it remains essential for national unity and identity.

    II. Supporting View 1: Globalisation Reduces Patriotism

    • Topic Sentence: Globalisation diminishes the value of patriotism.
    • Example 1: In 2016, the Brexit debate highlighted how globalisation challenges national loyalty in the UK.
    • Example 2: In 2020, protests in Hong Kong emphasised a struggle between local identity and global influences.
    • Example 3: In 2018, the Catalonia independence movement showed the conflict between regionalism and national loyalty in Spain.
    • Analysis: These examples show how globalisation and regional identities challenge traditional patriotism.

    III. Supporting View 2: Modern Challenges Outweigh Patriotism

    • Topic Sentence: Modern challenges make patriotism seem less relevant.
    • Example 1: In 2021, climate change protests in Germany prioritised global environmental issues over national pride.
    • Example 2: In 2019, the refugee crisis in Europe raised questions about national borders versus humanitarian concerns.
    • Example 3: In 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic required global cooperation, reducing focus on national interests.
    • Analysis: These instances illustrate how pressing global issues can overshadow patriotic sentiments.

    IV. Opposing View 1: Patriotism Promotes National Unity

    • Topic Sentence: Patriotism fosters national unity and social cohesion.
    • Example 1: In 2021, the UK’s response to COVID-19 saw a surge in national unity and support for the NHS.
    • Example 2: In 2018, the French rallied together during the World Cup, boosting national pride and unity.
    • Example 3: In 2020, Japan’s Olympics preparations highlighted patriotism and collective effort.
    • Analysis: These examples show how patriotism can bring people together, fostering unity and pride.

    V. Opposing View 2: Patriotism Maintains National Identity

    • Topic Sentence: Patriotism helps maintain and celebrate national identity.
    • Example 1: In 2017, India’s celebration of Independence Day highlighted its cultural heritage and unity.
    • Example 2: In 2020, Russia’s Victory Day parade reinforced national pride and historical remembrance.
    • Example 3: In 2019, Australia Day celebrated national achievements and identity despite controversies.
    • Analysis: These instances demonstrate how patriotism sustains national identity and cultural values.

    VI. Conclusion

    • Restate Thesis: While globalisation and modern challenges may reduce patriotism’s perceived value, it remains crucial for national unity and identity.
    • Summary of Key Points: Recap the main supporting and opposing views.
    • Final Thought: Balance global cooperation with national pride to navigate modern complexities.