Examine the claim that patriotism is of little value in modern times.

While some argue that patriotism has diminished in value due to globalisation and modern challenges, others believe it remains essential for national unity and identity.

I. Introduction

  • Hook: Patriotism is often debated in today’s globalised world.
  • Background: Overview of patriotism’s role historically and in contemporary society.
  • Thesis Statement: While some argue that patriotism has diminished in value due to globalisation and modern challenges, others believe it remains essential for national unity and identity.

II. Supporting View 1: Globalisation Reduces Patriotism

  • Topic Sentence: Globalisation diminishes the value of patriotism.
  • Example 1: In 2016, the Brexit debate highlighted how globalisation challenges national loyalty in the UK.
  • Example 2: In 2020, protests in Hong Kong emphasised a struggle between local identity and global influences.
  • Example 3: In 2018, the Catalonia independence movement showed the conflict between regionalism and national loyalty in Spain.
  • Analysis: These examples show how globalisation and regional identities challenge traditional patriotism.

III. Supporting View 2: Modern Challenges Outweigh Patriotism

  • Topic Sentence: Modern challenges make patriotism seem less relevant.
  • Example 1: In 2021, climate change protests in Germany prioritised global environmental issues over national pride.
  • Example 2: In 2019, the refugee crisis in Europe raised questions about national borders versus humanitarian concerns.
  • Example 3: In 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic required global cooperation, reducing focus on national interests.
  • Analysis: These instances illustrate how pressing global issues can overshadow patriotic sentiments.

IV. Opposing View 1: Patriotism Promotes National Unity

  • Topic Sentence: Patriotism fosters national unity and social cohesion.
  • Example 1: In 2021, the UK’s response to COVID-19 saw a surge in national unity and support for the NHS.
  • Example 2: In 2018, the French rallied together during the World Cup, boosting national pride and unity.
  • Example 3: In 2020, Japan’s Olympics preparations highlighted patriotism and collective effort.
  • Analysis: These examples show how patriotism can bring people together, fostering unity and pride.

V. Opposing View 2: Patriotism Maintains National Identity

  • Topic Sentence: Patriotism helps maintain and celebrate national identity.
  • Example 1: In 2017, India’s celebration of Independence Day highlighted its cultural heritage and unity.
  • Example 2: In 2020, Russia’s Victory Day parade reinforced national pride and historical remembrance.
  • Example 3: In 2019, Australia Day celebrated national achievements and identity despite controversies.
  • Analysis: These instances demonstrate how patriotism sustains national identity and cultural values.

VI. Conclusion

  • Restate Thesis: While globalisation and modern challenges may reduce patriotism’s perceived value, it remains crucial for national unity and identity.
  • Summary of Key Points: Recap the main supporting and opposing views.
  • Final Thought: Balance global cooperation with national pride to navigate modern complexities.

Is it true that advancements in science have forced us to rethink our values?

Advancements in science have indeed forced us to rethink our values, particularly in ethics and privacy. However, some argue these changes reinforce existing values and encourage adaptation.

I. Introduction

  • Hook: Science transforms our understanding of the world.
  • Background: Brief overview of recent scientific advancements and their societal impacts.
  • Thesis Statement: Advancements in science have indeed forced us to rethink our values, particularly in ethics and privacy. However, some argue these changes reinforce existing values and encourage adaptation.

II. Supporting View 1: Ethical Implications

  • Topic Sentence: Scientific advancements challenge our ethical values.
  • Example 1: In 2018, Chinese scientist He Jiankui’s gene-editing of babies raised global ethical concerns.
  • Example 2: In 2020, the UK’s debates on AI and facial recognition technology highlighted privacy concerns.
  • Example 3: In 2019, the CRISPR gene-editing advancements in Europe sparked ethical debates.
  • Analysis: These examples show how science forces us to reconsider ethical boundaries and responsibilities.

III. Supporting View 2: Privacy Concerns

  • Topic Sentence: Technological advancements raise significant privacy issues.
  • Example 1: In 2020, India’s Aarogya Setu app for COVID-19 contact tracing raised data privacy concerns.
  • Example 2: In 2021, China’s extensive surveillance systems led to debates on individual privacy.
  • Example 3: In 2019, the EU’s GDPR implementation highlighted the need for data protection.
  • Analysis: These cases illustrate how advancements in science and technology compel us to rethink privacy values.

IV. Opposing View 1: Reinforcement of Existing Values

  • Topic Sentence: Scientific advancements often reinforce our existing values.
  • Example 1: In 2019, Japan’s use of robots to care for the elderly reinforced values of compassion and care.
  • Example 2: In 2020, the UK’s ethical guidelines on AI ensured the technology aligned with societal values.
  • Example 3: In 2021, Sweden’s renewable energy projects reaffirmed environmental sustainability values.
  • Analysis: These examples demonstrate how science can support and enhance our existing values.

V. Opposing View 2: Encouraging Adaptation

  • Topic Sentence: Science encourages the adaptation of values rather than a complete rethink.
  • Example 1: In 2021, South Korea’s digital education advancements adapted values of learning and accessibility.
  • Example 2: In 2019, Singapore’s smart city initiatives adapted to values of efficiency and safety.
  • Example 3: In 2020, the EU’s climate policies adapted to values of environmental stewardship and responsibility.
  • Analysis: These instances show how advancements in science prompt value adaptations rather than a fundamental shift.

VI. Conclusion

  • Restate Thesis: Scientific advancements force us to rethink ethical and human rights, but they also reinforce and adapt existing values.
  • Summary of Key Points: Recap the main supporting and opposing views.
  • Final Thought: Balance innovation with ethical considerations to navigate the evolving landscape.

Is the importance of censorship overrated?

While censorship can protect society from harmful content, its importance is often overrated as it can also suppress freedom of expression and hinder societal progress.

Outline:
I. Introduction
Hook: Censorship is a controversial topic in today's digital age.
Background: Brief overview of censorship's role and its impact on society.
Thesis Statement: While censorship can protect society from harmful content, its importance is often overrated as it can also suppress freedom of expression and hinder societal progress.

II. Supporting View 1: Protection from Harmful Content
Topic Sentence: Censorship protects society from harmful and dangerous content.
Example 1: In 2020, the Indian government banned TikTok to prevent harmful and inappropriate content.
Example 2: In 2021, the UK’s Online Safety Bill aimed to protect children from online abuse.
Example 3: In 2018, Australia introduced laws to censor violent video content.
Analysis: These examples show how censorship can safeguard the public from harmful materials.

III. Supporting View 2: Maintaining Social Order
Topic Sentence: Censorship helps maintain social order and prevent unrest.
Example 1: In 2019, Sri Lanka temporarily blocked social media to prevent violence after bombings.
Example 2: In 2021, Uganda restricted social media during elections to maintain peace.
Example 3: In 2020, Iran censored internet access during protests to control dissent.
Analysis: These cases illustrate how censorship can help maintain stability and public order.

IV. Opposing View 1: Suppression of Freedom of Expression
Topic Sentence: Censorship suppresses freedom of expression and democratic values.
Example 1: In 2020, Thailand's censorship of pro-democracy protests limited free speech.
Example 2: In 2021, Russia restricted access to opposition websites, stifling political dissent.
Example 3: In 2019, China's censorship of Hong Kong protests curtailed citizens' voices.
Analysis: These instances highlight how censorship undermines fundamental democratic principles.

V. Opposing View 2: Hindrance to Societal Progress
Topic Sentence: Censorship hinders societal progress and innovation.
Example 1: In 2021, Turkey's restrictions on social media stifled political and social discourse.
Example 2: In 2020, Egypt's censorship of media restricted investigative journalism and transparency.
Example 3: In 2018, Saudi Arabia's control over artistic expression limited cultural development.
Analysis: These examples demonstrate how censorship can impede progress and innovation in society.

V. Opposing View 2: Hindrance to Societal Progress
Topic Sentence: Censorship hinders societal progress and innovation.
Example 1: In 2021, Turkey's restrictions on social media stifled political and social discourse.
Example 2: In 2020, Egypt's censorship of media restricted investigative journalism and transparency.
Example 3: In 2018, Saudi Arabia's control over artistic expression limited cultural development.
Analysis: These examples demonstrate how censorship can impede progress and innovation in society.

Read about:
1. The Digital Silk Road “has been just as much about promoting China’s tech industry and developing digital infrastructure as it has about reshaping standards and internet governance norms away from a free, open, and interoperable internet in favour of a fragmented digital ecosystem, built on censorship and surveillance, where China and other networked autocracies can prosper."

2. An order by the Singaporean authorities to remove a cigarette from a Chinatown mural has sparked public criticism over censorship and historical revisionism.

3. In 2023, CPJ registered 320 imprisoned journalists worldwide. The Erased uses a unique font that links every single one of these 320 journalists to a censored word, and erases these words from participating (news) websites around the world. This symbolises the importance of free and independent journalism, and the danger of censorship: it takes away our right to know.

Is there a justifiable need for wildlife?

Wildlife is essential for ecological balance, scientific research, and cultural value. However, some argue it conflicts with human needs and development.

I. Introduction

II. Supporting View 1: Ecological Balance

  • Topic Sentence: Wildlife maintains ecological balance and supports ecosystems.
  • Example 1: In Kenya, elephants help shape the landscape and promote biodiversity.
  • Example 2: In India, tigers control herbivore populations, preserving forest health.
  • Example 3: In Australia, bees pollinate crops, vital for food production.
  • Analysis: These examples show how wildlife is crucial for maintaining healthy ecosystems.

III. Supporting View 2: Scientific Research

  • Topic Sentence: Wildlife is invaluable for scientific research and medical advancements.
  • Example 1: In Costa Rica, studying frogs leads to medical breakthroughs.
  • Example 2: In Madagascar, lemurs provide insights into evolutionary biology.
  • Example 3: In Tanzania, chimpanzee research aids understanding of human behaviour.
  • Analysis: These cases illustrate the importance of wildlife for scientific progress and health benefits.

IV. Opposing View 1: Conflict with Human Needs

  • Topic Sentence: Wildlife sometimes conflicts with human needs and safety.
  • Example 1: In India, human-tiger conflicts result in fatalities and livestock loss.
  • Example 2: In South Africa, elephants damage crops, impacting farmers’ livelihoods.
  • Example 3: In Australia, sharks pose a risk to swimmers and surfers.
  • Analysis: These examples highlight the challenges of coexisting with wildlife.

V. Opposing View 2: Hindrance to Development

  • Topic Sentence: Wildlife conservation can hinder economic development and infrastructure projects.
  • Example 1: In Brazil, protecting the Amazon rainforest limits agricultural expansion.
  • Example 2: In China, preserving pandas restricts urban development in certain areas.
  • Example 3: In Kenya, wildlife reserves sometimes limit land available for housing.
  • Analysis: These instances show how wildlife conservation can conflict with development goals.

VI. Conclusion

  • Restate Thesis: Wildlife is essential for ecological balance, scientific research, and cultural value, but it can conflict with human needs and development.
  • Summary of Key Points: Recap the main supporting and opposing views.
  • Final Thought: Strive for a balanced approach that values both wildlife conservation and human progress.

History has shown us that crime never pays. Do you agree?

While history often demonstrates that crime does not pay in the long run, there are instances where criminals have benefited from their actions, suggesting a more complex reality.

I. Introduction

  • Hook: The saying “crime never pays” is widely believed.
  • Background: Brief overview of historical examples of crime and their outcomes.
  • Thesis Statement: While history often demonstrates that crime does not pay in the long run, there are instances where criminals have benefited from their actions, suggesting a more complex reality.

II. Supporting View 1: Punishment and Justice

  • Topic Sentence: Historical examples show that criminals often face severe punishment.
  • Example 1: In 1989, Nicolae Ceaușescu, the Romanian dictator, was executed after his regime’s crimes were exposed.
  • Example 2: In 2013, Italian Mafia boss Domenico Raccuglia was arrested and sentenced to life in prison.
  • Example 3: In 2009, Bernard Madoff, though American, faced global repercussions for his Ponzi scheme, showing the reach of justice.
  • Analysis: These examples illustrate that crime often leads to punishment and downfall.

III. Supporting View 2: Loss of Reputation and Power

  • Topic Sentence: Criminals often lose their reputation and power, showing that crime does not pay.
  • Example 1: In 2011, Egyptian President Hosni Mubarak was imprisoned for corruption and abuse of power.
  • Example 2: In 1992, former East German leader Erich Honecker was prosecuted for human rights abuses.
  • Example 3: In 2018, former Malaysian Prime Minister Najib Razak faced charges for the 1MDB scandal.
  • Analysis: These cases demonstrate that crime often results in the loss of power and respect.

IV. Opposing View 1: Short-Term Gains

  • Topic Sentence: Some criminals benefit from their actions in the short term.
  • Example 1: In 1994, Russian oligarchs amassed wealth during the chaotic privatisation period.
  • Example 2: In the 1980s, Colombian drug lord Pablo Escobar built an empire and gained immense power before his downfall.
  • Example 3: In 2007, British art thief Leonardo Notarbartolo managed a massive diamond heist in Belgium.
  • Analysis: These examples show that crime can lead to significant short-term gains.

V. Opposing View 2: Criminal Success Stories

  • Topic Sentence: Some criminals avoid punishment and retain their gains.
  • Example 1: In 1980, former Ugandan dictator Idi Amin lived in exile in Saudi Arabia without facing justice.
  • Example 2: In 2001, former Peruvian President Alberto Fujimori fled to Japan and avoided immediate prosecution.
  • Example 3: In 2010, Indian businessman Lalit Modi fled to the UK to avoid corruption charges and maintained a comfortable life.
  • Analysis: These instances suggest that some criminals escape justice and enjoy their gains.

VI. Conclusion

  • Restate Thesis: While history often shows that crime does not pay, there are exceptions where criminals benefit.
  • Summary of Key Points: Recap the main supporting and opposing views.
  • Final Thought: Crime’s consequences are complex, highlighting the need for a nuanced understanding of justice.

Sport is human life in miniature. Discuss.

Sports enthusiasts opine that sports reflects life. Sport encapsulates many aspects of human life, including competition, teamwork, and personal growth, but it can also oversimplify and distort life’s complexities.

I. Introduction

  • Hook: Sport reflects many elements of human life.
  • Background: Brief overview of sport’s role in society and its symbolic nature.
  • Thesis Statement: Sport encapsulates many aspects of human life, including competition, teamwork, and personal growth, but it can also oversimplify and distort life’s complexities.

II. Supporting View 1: Competition and Struggle

  • Topic Sentence: Sport mirrors the competition and struggle present in human life.
  • Example 1: In the Premier League, teams compete fiercely for the title, reflecting life’s competitive nature.
  • Example 2: The Tour de France requires immense endurance, similar to overcoming life’s challenges.
  • Example 3: In Japan, sumo wrestling showcases the dedication and effort needed to achieve success.
  • Analysis: These examples show how sport reflects life’s competitive and challenging aspects.

III. Supporting View 2: Teamwork and Cooperation

  • Topic Sentence: Sport emphasises the importance of teamwork and cooperation.
  • Example 1: In Spain, FC Barcelona’s “tiki-taka” style relies on teamwork and coordination.
  • Example 2: New Zealand’s All Blacks rugby team exemplifies unity and collective effort.
  • Example 3: In Germany, Bayern Munich’s success is attributed to strong team dynamics.
  • Analysis: These examples illustrate how sport mirrors the collaborative efforts required in life.

IV. Opposing View 1: Oversimplification of Life

  • Topic Sentence: Sport can oversimplify the complexities of human life.
  • Example 1: The intense focus on winning in Indian cricket oversimplifies the nuances of success.
  • Example 2: In Brazilian football, the hero-worship of players ignores the broader societal issues.
  • Example 3: In Russia, the emphasis on athletic achievement overlooks personal and emotional development.
  • Analysis: These examples highlight how sport can reduce life’s complexities to mere competition.

V. Opposing View 2: Distortion of Values

  • Topic Sentence: Sport can distort important values and priorities.
  • Example 1: In Italian football, corruption scandals undermine the integrity of the sport.
  • Example 2: The obsession with winning in Chinese gymnastics leads to unethical training practices.
  • Example 3: In Kenyan athletics, doping scandals distort the true spirit of competition.
  • Analysis: These examples demonstrate how sport can sometimes lead to unethical behaviour and distorted values.

VI. Conclusion

  • Restate Thesis: Sport reflects many aspects of human life, such as competition and teamwork, but can also oversimplify and distort life’s complexities.
  • Summary of Key Points: Recap the main supporting and opposing views.
  • Final Thought: Sport is a valuable microcosm of life, but it should be viewed critically to understand its limitations.

Is courage necessarily a virtue?

Courage is often seen as a virtue due to its role in overcoming fear and achieving noble goals, but it can also lead to reckless or harmful actions.

I. Introduction

  • Hook: Courage is admired in stories and heroes.
  • Background: Brief overview of courage and its traditional view as a virtue.
  • Thesis Statement: Courage is often seen as a virtue due to its role in overcoming fear and achieving noble goals, but it can also lead to reckless or harmful actions.

II. Supporting View 1: Overcoming Fear for Noble Goals

  • Topic Sentence: Courage helps people overcome fear to achieve noble goals.
  • Example 1: In India, Mahatma Gandhi’s courage led to India’s independence through non-violent resistance.
  • Analysis: Gandhi’s courage is virtuous because it achieved freedom without violence.

III. Supporting View 2: Promoting Justice and Integrity

  • Topic Sentence: Courage is essential in promoting justice and integrity.
  • Example 1: In South Africa, Nelson Mandela’s courage in fighting apartheid inspired global change.
  • Analysis: Mandela’s courage was virtuous as it fought oppression and promoted equality.

IV. Opposing View 1: Potential for Recklessness

  • Topic Sentence: Courage can sometimes lead to reckless or dangerous actions.
  • Example 1: In Russia, young daredevils who climb skyscrapers for thrills risk their lives needlessly.
  • Analysis: This form of courage is not virtuous as it endangers lives without noble purpose.

V. Opposing View 2: Harmful Consequences

  • Topic Sentence: Courage can have harmful consequences if not guided by wisdom.
  • Example 1: In some Middle Eastern conflicts, individuals show courage by joining extremist groups, causing harm.
  • Analysis: Courage in this context is not virtuous as it leads to violence and suffering.

VI. Conclusion

  • Restate Thesis: Courage can be a virtue when it achieves noble goals and promotes justice but can also lead to recklessness and harm.
  • Summary of Key Points: Recap the main supporting and opposing views.
  • Final Thought: Courage must be guided by wisdom and morality to be truly virtuous.