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To what extent has science and technology changed the face of crime?

Science and technology have significantly transformed crime, facilitating new methods for both committing and combating criminal activities. However, their impact varies, presenting both advancements and challenges.

I. Introduction

Hook: Science and technology have significantly transformed crime and also redefined the landscape of crime.
Background: Overview of technological advancements and their dual role in crime.
Thesis Statement: Science and technology have revolutionised crime, creating new opportunities and sophisticated countermeasures.

II. Supporting View 1: Enhanced Cybercrime Techniques

Topic Sentence: Science and technology have significantly transformed crime as evidenced by the exponential rise of sophisticated cybercrime.
Example 1: Ransomware attack on the University of Maastricht (2019) caused significant disruptions and financial losses. (Attackers encrypted critical data and demanded a ransom.)
Example 2: Nigeria’s online fraud schemes (2020) targeted individuals and businesses worldwide, causing billions in losses. (Utilisation of advanced phishing and social engineering tactics.)
Example 3: Singapore’s data breach (2021) exposed personal data of 1.5 million healthcare patients. (Highly sophisticated hacking methods exploited system vulnerabilities.)
Analysis: Advances in technology have made cybercrime more prevalent and complex.

III. Supporting View 2: Improved Surveillance and Forensic Techniques

Topic Sentence: Technology has enhanced crime detection and prevention.
Example 1: United Kingdom’s use of CCTV (2019) significantly reduced urban crime rates. (Extensive camera networks enabled real-time monitoring and quick response.)
Example 2: DNA analysis advancements in Japan (2020) led to solving cold cases. (Improved forensic techniques identified previously unknown suspects.)
Example 3: Germany’s predictive policing software (2021) helped in preventing crimes before they occurred. (Analysis of crime data patterns predicted and prevented criminal activities.)
Analysis: Technological tools have increased the effectiveness of law enforcement.

IV. Supporting View 3: Global Collaboration Against Crime

Topic Sentence: Science and technology have significantly transformed crime-busting, particularly how international cooperation in combating crime has become seamless
Example 1: Europol’s cybercrime centre (2020) facilitated cross-border investigations and arrests. (Joint operations dismantled major cybercrime networks.)
Example 2: Interpol’s use of facial recognition (2019) aided in identifying international fugitives. (Coordinated efforts improved tracking and apprehension.)
Example 3: India’s digital evidence sharing (2021) with other nations streamlined international criminal investigations. (Shared databases and technologies enhanced global cooperation.)
Analysis: Technology promotes international collaboration, improving global crime-fighting efforts.

V. Opposing View 1: Privacy and Civil Liberties Concerns

Topic Sentence: Technological surveillance raises privacy issues even if it means catching the bad guys.
Example 1: China’s extensive use of surveillance cameras (2020) sparked global privacy debates. (Government monitoring raised concerns about civil liberties.)
Example 2: Russia’s internet censorship (2019) limited freedom of expression. (Government control over digital communication stifled dissent.)
Example 3: France’s data retention laws (2021) faced backlash for invading personal privacy. (Mandatory data storage raised privacy and security concerns.)
Analysis: Technological surveillance often conflicts with individual privacy and civil liberties.

VI. Opposing View 2: Technology Dependency and Vulnerability

Topic Sentence: Over-reliance on technology can be problematic.
Example 1: India’s Aadhaar data breach (2019) compromised millions of citizens’ personal information. (Reliance on digital ID systems exposed vulnerabilities.)
Example 2: Brazil’s power grid cyberattack (2020) demonstrated critical infrastructure weaknesses. (Attackers exploited technological dependencies to cause widespread disruption.)
Example 3: Mexico’s police database hack (2021) exposed sensitive law enforcement information. (Dependence on digital systems made security breaches more impactful.)
Analysis: Heavy reliance on technology can lead to significant vulnerabilities.

VII. Opposing View 3: Adaptation of Criminals to New Technologies

Topic Sentence: Criminals quickly adapt to technological advancements.
Example 1: Dark web marketplaces in the Netherlands (2019) facilitated illegal trade, evading law enforcement. (Anonymity tools made tracking and prosecuting offenders difficult.)
Example 2: Cryptocurrency scams in South Korea (2020) exploited new financial technologies for fraud. (Rapid adoption of digital currencies led to new types of financial crimes.)
Example 3: Advanced phishing attacks in Canada (2021) targeted remote workers during the pandemic. (Criminals adapted to the increased use of digital communication tools.)
Analysis: Criminals’ adaptability to technology presents ongoing challenges for law enforcement.

VIII. Conclusion

Restate Thesis: Science and technology have dramatically reshaped crime, creating new challenges and opportunities.
Summary of Key Points: Enhanced cybercrime techniques, improved law enforcement, global cooperation, privacy issues, technology dependency, and criminal adaptation.
Final Thought: Balancing technological advancement with ethical considerations is crucial for future crime prevention.

Nota benne:

Crime encompasses counterfeit luxury goods and even pharmaceutical drugs. Human trafficking, money laundering and scams have brought about new waves of crime never seen before. Doxxing and blackmail through suggestive pictures online or via social messaging have made the public prosecutor even busier. The above essay requires a wider perspective.

Nature has much to teach man. Discuss.

Nature provides profound lessons for humanity, fostering inspiration, sustainability, and well-being. However, modern society often overlooks or misinterprets these teachings. Nature is important.

I. Introduction

Hook: As nature the ultimate teacher for humanity, nature provides profound lessons for mankind.
Background: The enduring influence of nature on human development.
Thesis Statement: Nature offers invaluable insights, yet society’s relationship with it can be complex.

II. Supporting View 1: Inspiration and Creativity

Topic Sentence: Nature provides profound lessons as it sparks creativity and innovation.
Example 1: Japanese architect Kengo Kuma (2020) designs buildings blending seamlessly with natural environments, promoting harmony and sustainability.
Example 2: Finnish schools (2019) integrate outdoor classrooms, leading to enhanced creativity and problem-solving skills in students.
Example 3: Kenyan artist Cyrus Kabiru (2021) creates eco-art from recycled materials, inspired by the natural landscape and environmental conservation.
Analysis: Nature’s beauty and complexity inspire artistic and architectural innovation, promoting creativity.

III. Supporting View 2: Lessons in Sustainability

Topic Sentence: Nature provides profound lessons as it teaches essential principles of sustainability.
Example 1: Sweden’s recycling program (2019) achieves near-zero waste, inspired by natural ecosystems’ efficiency.
Example 2: Bhutan’s Gross National Happiness (2020) prioritises environmental conservation alongside economic growth, influenced by nature’s balance.
Example 3: Costa Rica’s reforestation efforts (2021) successfully restore biodiversity, following natural regeneration principles.
Analysis: Nature’s cyclical processes offer blueprints for sustainable practices.

IV. Supporting View 3: Health and Well-being

Topic Sentence: Nature enhances mental and physical health.
Example 1: Japan’s forest bathing (Shinrin-yoku) practice (2020) reduces stress and improves mental health through immersion in nature.
Example 2: Dutch “healing gardens” in hospitals (2019) significantly improve patient recovery rates and mental well-being.
Example 3: South Korean urban green spaces (2021) combat urban stress and enhance public health.
Analysis: Natural environments contribute to better health outcomes and well-being.

V. Opposing View 1: Misinterpretation and Romanticism

Topic Sentence: Society often misinterprets nature’s lessons.
Example 1: Overexploitation of natural resources in Brazil (2020) leads to deforestation and biodiversity loss, ignoring sustainable practices.
Example 2: Misuse of natural symbols in Australian tourism (2019) commodifies indigenous cultures, distorting nature’s cultural significance.
Example 3: Misguided conservation efforts in China (2021) disrupt local ecosystems, showing a lack of understanding of natural dynamics.
Analysis: Misinterpreting nature’s lessons can lead to environmental and cultural harm.

VI. Opposing View 2: Technological and Urban Challenges

Topic Sentence: Urbanisation and technology complicate learning from nature.
Example 1: Rapid urbanisation in India (2020) leads to reduced green spaces and disconnection from natural environments.
Example 2: Singapore’s high-tech urban farming (2019) contrasts traditional agricultural methods, though it aims for sustainability.
Example 3: South Africa’s digital education initiatives (2021) overshadow outdoor learning, despite their success in urban settings.
Analysis: Modern urban and technological developments can limit direct engagement with nature.

VII. Opposing View 3: Ethical and Practical Dilemmas

Topic Sentence: Practical and ethical dilemmas arise in applying nature’s lessons.
Example 1: Wildlife conservation in Kenya (2020) faces ethical challenges in balancing human and animal needs.
Example 2: Norway’s oil industry (2019) struggles with sustainable practices despite natural resource wealth.
Example 3: Agricultural practices in Mexico (2021) seek sustainable solutions amidst economic pressures and traditional methods.
Analysis: Applying nature’s lessons involves navigating complex ethical and practical challenges.

VIII. Conclusion

Restate Thesis: Nature offers profound lessons, yet modern society must interpret and apply them thoughtfully.
Summary of Key Points: Inspiration, sustainability, health benefits, misinterpretation, urban challenges, and ethical dilemmas.
Final Thought: Humanity must balance nature’s wisdom with modern realities for a sustainable future.

Reading References:

Berkes, Fikret. Sacred Ecology. Routledge, 2018.
Louv, Richard. The Nature Principle: Reconnecting with Life in a Virtual Age. Algonquin Books, 2019.
Roszak, Theodore. The Voice of the Earth: An Exploration of Ecopsychology. Phanes Press, 2019.

Is it better for a dysfunctional family to stay together or to break up?

A dysfunctional family staying together can offer stability and chances for improvement. But separation may provide a healthier environment. This complex issue depends on cultural factors, but the decision to stay together or break-up should be based on physical and mental safety.

I. Introduction

Hook: A dysfunctional family can still be united.
Background: Prevalence of dysfunctional families and societal views.
Thesis Statement: The decision to stay together or break up in a dysfunctional family depends on multiple factors.

II. Supporting View 1: Stability and Security

Topic Sentence: Staying together can provide stability for children.
Example 1: Studies in the UK (2018) show children perform better academically in stable homes.
Example 2: Japan (2019) shows lower anxiety levels in children with both parents.
Example 3: Indian family structures (2020) indicate strong support networks within extended families.
Analysis: Stability can offer emotional and financial security, benefitting children’s development.

III. Supporting View 2: Opportunity for Healing and Growth

Topic Sentence: Staying together allows families to work through issues.
Example 1: Australian study (2021) on family therapy improving relationships.
Example 2: South African programme (2020) helps families manage conflicts constructively.
Example 3: Brazilian initiatives (2019) support family units through social services.
Analysis: Professional help can address underlying issues and promote healing.

IV. Supporting View 3: Social and Cultural Expectations

Topic Sentence: Some cultures value family unity over individual happiness.
Example 1: Chinese societal norms (2019) emphasise family cohesion.
Example 2: Mexican traditions (2021) focus on extended family support.
Example 3: Middle Eastern countries (2020) where family unity is paramount.
Analysis: Cultural expectations can influence the decision to stay together despite dysfunction.

V. Opposing View 1: Psychological and Emotional Harm

Topic Sentence: Dysfunctional families can cause lasting psychological harm.
Example 1: UK study (2020) links dysfunctional homes to increased mental health issues.
Example 2: Canadian research (2019) shows higher rates of depression in children from dysfunctional families.
Example 3: Australian findings (2021) on anxiety disorders stemming from family conflict.
Analysis: Continuous exposure to dysfunction can severely impact mental health.

VI. Opposing View 2: Better Outcomes Post-Separation

Topic Sentence: Separation can lead to healthier environments for children.
Example 1: Swedish study (2021) indicates improved wellbeing post-divorce.
Example 2: French research (2019) shows better academic performance after separation.
Example 3: Norwegian findings (2020) on reduced conflict in single-parent homes.
Analysis: Separation can remove children from toxic environments, promoting better outcomes.

VII. Opposing View 3: Individual Happiness and Personal Growth

Topic Sentence: Personal wellbeing is essential for overall family health.
Example 1: Italian study (2020) links parental happiness to effective parenting post-divorce.
Example 2: Spanish research (2019) on adults achieving personal growth after leaving dysfunctional marriages.
Example 3: German findings (2021) on improved quality of life post-separation.
Analysis: Individual fulfilment can lead to better parenting and healthier family dynamics.

VIII. Conclusion

Restate Thesis: The decision to stay together or break up in a dysfunctional family is complex and multifaceted.
Summary of Key Points: Stability, healing, and cultural norms versus psychological harm, better post-separation outcomes, and individual happiness.
Final Thought: Each family must carefully consider their unique circumstances and seek professional guidance.

Reading References:

Bowen, Murray. Family Therapy in Clinical Practice. Rowman & Littlefield, 2019.
Minuchin, Salvador. Families and Family Therapy. Harvard University Press, 2020.

Romance novels are only for the foolish. Comment.

Romance novels provide meaningful value. While some may dismiss romance novels as frivolous, they provide emotional growth, and societal insight, challenging the notion that they are only for the foolish.

I. Introduction

Hook: Romance novels often face ridicule, but romance novels provide a greater utility than is actually apparent. Romance novels provide meaningful value.
Background: Popularity and criticism of romance literature.
Thesis Statement: Romance novels offer valuable experiences beyond mere foolish entertainment.

II. Supporting View 1: Emotional Growth and Empathy

Topic Sentence: Romance novels provide meaningful value by enhancing emotional intelligence and empathy.
Example 1: The Rosie Project by Graeme Simsion (2013) explores Asperger’s Syndrome.
Example 2: Me Before You by Jojo Moyes (2012) discusses euthanasia and disability.
Example 3: Eleanor Oliphant Is Completely Fine by Gail Honeyman (2017) addresses loneliness and mental health.
Analysis: These novels highlight complex emotional and psychological issues.

III. Supporting View 2: Insight into Social Issues

Topic Sentence: Romance novels provide meaningful value by addressing important social themes.
Example 1: The Hate U Give by Angie Thomas (2017) focuses on racial injustice.
Example 2: Red, White & Royal Blue by Casey McQuiston (2019) explores LGBTQ+ relationships.
Example 3: An American Marriage by Tayari Jones (2018) deals with wrongful imprisonment.
Analysis: These stories engage with and educate on societal challenges.

IV. Supporting View 3: Escapism and Mental Health Benefits

Topic Sentence: Romance novels provide necessary escapism and mental health benefits.
Example 1: Increase in romance novel sales during COVID-19 lockdowns (2020-present).
Example 2: Beach Read by Emily Henry (2020) offers a light-hearted escape.
Example 3: The Flatshare by Beth O’Leary (2019) brings comfort and joy.
Analysis: Escapism through romance novels helps readers cope with real-life stress.

V. Opposing View 1: Perceived Lack of Literary Merit

Topic Sentence: Critics argue romance novels lack literary depth.
Example 1: Critics’ dismissal of Fifty Shades of Grey by E.L. James (2011).
Example 2: Twilight series by Stephenie Meyer (2005-2008) often mocked.
Example 3: After series by Anna Todd (2014-present) criticised for simplistic writing.
Analysis: These works are often seen as poorly written and lacking substance.

VI. Opposing View 2: Reinforcement of Stereotypes

Topic Sentence: Romance novels can perpetuate harmful stereotypes.
Example 1: Mills & Boon novels often criticised for outdated gender roles.
Example 2: Beautiful Disaster by Jamie McGuire (2011) portrays toxic relationships.
Example 3: The Selection series by Kiera Cass (2012-present) reinforces traditional beauty standards.
Analysis: These novels can propagate negative and unrealistic societal expectations.

VII. Opposing View 3: Unrealistic Expectations

Topic Sentence: Romance novels can create unrealistic relationship expectations.
Example 1: The Notebook by Nicholas Sparks (1996) idealises love.
Example 2: The Wedding Date by Jasmine Guillory (2018) romanticises spontaneous romance.
Example 3: Outlander series by Diana Gabaldon (1991-present) sets unrealistic standards for love and adventure.
Analysis: These narratives can lead to disappointment in real-life relationships.

VIII. Conclusion

Restate Thesis: Romance novels, while sometimes criticised, offer significant benefits.
Summary of Key Points: Emotional growth, societal insights, and mental health benefits versus lack of literary merit, stereotypes, and unrealistic expectations.
Final Thought: Romance novels should be valued for their positive impact on readers.

Reading References:

Regis, Pamela. A Natural History of the Romance Novel. University of Pennsylvania Press, 2007.
Radway, Janice A. Reading the Romance: Women, Patriarchy, and Popular Literature. University of North Carolina Press, 2009.
Betts, Hannah. “The Mental Health Benefits of Escapist Fiction.” The Guardian, 2020.

Do you think that the world is in a worse condition despite increased international cooperation?

Despite increased international cooperation, the world remains plagued by various issues, indicating that such efforts have not significantly improved global conditions.

I. Introduction

Hook: Increased international cooperation promised a better world, but reality tells a different story.
Background: Rise of international cooperation through organisations like the UN and WHO.
Thesis Statement: Increased international cooperation has not necessarily improved the world’s condition.

II. Supporting View 1: Persisting Global Conflicts

Topic Sentence: Increased international cooperation has not resolved major global conflicts.
Example 1: Ongoing Syrian civil war (2011-present).
Example 2: Continued instability in Afghanistan (2014-present).
Example 3: Yemen’s humanitarian crisis (2014-present).
Analysis: These examples highlight the failure of international efforts to end conflicts.

III. Supporting View 2: Environmental Degradation

Topic Sentence: Environmental issues persist despite increased international cooperation.
Example 1: Limited success of the Paris Agreement (2015-present).
Example 2: Amazon rainforest deforestation in Brazil (2010s-present).
Example 3: Ocean pollution and marine life threats (2010s-present).
Analysis: These instances show the inadequacy of international cooperation in addressing environmental crises.

IV. Supporting View 3: Economic Inequality

Topic Sentence: Economic inequality remains a major issue worldwide.
Example 1: Worsening poverty in Sub-Saharan Africa (2010s-present).
Example 2: Economic disparity in India despite growth (2010s-present).
Example 3: Wealth inequality in Latin America (2010s-present).
Analysis: These cases illustrate that international cooperation has not effectively reduced economic disparities.

V. Opposing View 1: Health Improvements

Topic Sentence: International cooperation has improved global health.
Example 1: Eradication of polio in Africa (2020).
Example 2: Global response to COVID-19 vaccine distribution (2020-present).
Example 3: Reduction of malaria cases in Southeast Asia (2010s-present).
Analysis: These examples demonstrate significant health advancements due to international collaboration.

VI. Opposing View 2: Advancements in Human Rights

Topic Sentence: Increased international cooperation has advanced human rights.
Example 1: Legalisation of same-sex marriage in multiple countries (2010s-present).
Example 2: Global condemnation of human rights abuses in Myanmar (2017-present).
Example 3: Increased focus on gender equality in Scandinavian countries (2010s-present).
Analysis: These cases indicate the positive impact of international cooperation on human rights.

VII. Opposing View 3: Economic Growth and Development

Topic Sentence: Increased international cooperation has spurred economic growth.
Example 1: Economic growth in Southeast Asian nations (2010s-present).
Example 2: African Union’s efforts to boost trade within Africa (2013-present).
Example 3: EU’s economic support to Eastern European countries (2010s-present).
Analysis: These instances show how international cooperation has contributed to economic development.

VIII. Conclusion

Restate Thesis: Despite increased international cooperation, the world’s condition remains challenged.
Summary of Key Points: Recap the main supporting and opposing views.
Final Thought: Balancing continued cooperation with more effective strategies is crucial for global improvement.

Reading References:

Stiglitz, Joseph E. Globalization and Its Discontents Revisited. W.W. Norton & Company, 2017.
Diamond, Jared. Upheaval: Turning Points for Nations in Crisis. Little, Brown and Company, 2019.

The study of history is futile. Do you agree?

The study of history is crucial. Understanding current events can help shape future decisions.

I. Introduction

Hook: “Those who cannot remember the past are condemned to repeat it.”
Background: Importance of history in education and society.
Thesis Statement: Study of history is crucial for understanding present issues and guiding future decisions, despite claims of its futility.

II. Supporting View 1: History Teaches Valuable Lessons

Topic Sentence: Study of history is crucial as history offers lessons from past successes and failures.
Example 1: Germany’s reconciliation post-Holocaust (2013-present).
Example 2: South Africa’s truth and reconciliation post-apartheid (2010s).
Example 3: Rwanda’s recovery after the 1994 genocide (2014-present).
Analysis: These examples show how history provides valuable lessons for healing and reconciliation.

III. Supporting View 2: History Helps Understand Current Issues

Topic Sentence: Understanding history helps explain current socio-political issues.
Example 1: Brexit and its historical roots (2016-present).
Example 2: Middle East conflicts and colonial history (2010s).
Example 3: Indigenous rights movements in Australia (2014-present).
Analysis: These cases demonstrate how historical context explains contemporary issues.

IV. Supporting View 3: History Informs Future Decisions

Topic Sentence: History informs better decision-making for the future.
Example 1: Environmental policies inspired by past mistakes (2010s-present).
Example 2: Economic reforms influenced by historical financial crises (2010s).
Example 3: Public health strategies post-pandemic reflections (2020s).
Analysis: These instances show how historical knowledge guides future policy decisions.

V. Opposing View 1: History is Subjective and Biased

Topic Sentence: History is often biased and subjective.
Example 1: Revisionist histories in Japan (2012-present).
Example 2: Controversial colonial narratives in India (2010s).
Example 3: Biased educational content in Turkey (2010s-present).
Analysis: These examples highlight how historical narratives can be manipulated, questioning their reliability.

VI. Opposing View 2: Focus on Future Technology and Innovation

Topic Sentence: Emphasis should be on future technology and innovation.
Example 1: Singapore’s focus on STEM education (2010s-present).
Example 2: South Korea’s tech-driven economy (2010s-present).
Example 3: Israel’s innovation in technology sectors (2010s-present).
Analysis: These cases argue that focusing on future advancements is more beneficial than studying history.

VII. Opposing View 3: History is Irrelevant to Modern Problems

Topic Sentence: Modern problems require contemporary solutions, not historical perspectives.
Example 1: Climate change policies focusing on future solutions (2010s-present).
Example 2: Digital privacy laws addressing new technological challenges (2010s-present).
Example 3: Modern healthcare advancements tackling current health issues (2010s-present).
Analysis: These examples suggest that contemporary issues need innovative approaches, making historical knowledge less relevant.

VIII. Conclusion

Restate Thesis: Studying history is crucial for understanding present issues and guiding future decisions, despite claims of its futility.
Summary of Key Points: Recap main supporting and opposing views.
Final Thought: Balancing historical knowledge with forward-thinking innovation is key to addressing modern challenges.

Reading References

MacMillan, Margaret. The Uses and Abuses of History. Profile Books, 2009.
Carr, Edward Hallet. What Is History?. Penguin Books, 2008.
Evans, Richard J. In Defence of History. Granta Books, 2012.

Politicians cannot be idealistic in today’s world; they have to be pragmatic. Discuss.

In today’s complex global landscape, politicians must prioritise pragmatism over idealism to address urgent issues effectively, though idealism can still inspire positive change.

I. Introduction

Hook: The balance between idealism and pragmatism defines political leadership. Politicians must prioritise pragmatism over idealism to bring its people and country forward instead of living in fantasy.
Background: Overview of the current political climate.
Thesis Statement: Politicians must prioritise pragmatism over idealism to address urgent issues effectively. On a limited basis, idealism can inspire some change.

II. Supporting View 1: Pragmatism Ensures Realistic Solutions

Topic Sentence: Politicians must prioritise pragmatism over idealism as only pragmatic politicians can implement feasible solutions.
Example 1: Germany’s pragmatic energy policies (2014-present) balance renewables and coal.
Example 2: Singapore’s pragmatic housing policies (2010-present) ensured affordability.
Example 3: India’s pragmatic economic reforms (2014-present) boosted growth.
Analysis: These examples show how pragmatism leads to effective, realistic policies.

III. Supporting View 2: Pragmatism Navigates Political Realities

Topic Sentence: Politicians must prioritise pragmatism over idealism, as pragmatism helps navigate complex political realities.
Example 1: UK’s pragmatic Brexit negotiations (2016-2022) aimed to mitigate disruption.
Example 2: Colombia’s pragmatic peace deal (2016) ended a long conflict.
Example 3: Japan’s pragmatic approach to North Korea (2010-present) maintains stability.
Analysis: These instances demonstrate how pragmatism helps manage political complexities.

IV. Supporting View 3: Pragmatism Addresses Immediate Needs

Topic Sentence: Pragmatic politicians focus on urgent, immediate needs.
Example 1: New Zealand’s pragmatic COVID-19 response (2020-present) saved lives.
Example 2: Canada’s pragmatic immigration policies (2015-present) addressed labour shortages.
Example 3: South Korea’s pragmatic tech policies (2010-present) drove innovation.
Analysis: These cases illustrate how pragmatism addresses urgent needs effectively.

V. Opposing View 1: Idealism Inspires Long-term Vision

Topic Sentence: Idealistic politicians inspire long-term visionary goals.
Example 1: Sweden’s climate-neutral goal (2017-present) promotes sustainability.
Example 2: France’s idealistic education reforms (2012-present) aimed at equality.
Example 3: Norway’s humanitarian policies (2015-present) support global peace.
Analysis: These examples highlight how idealism can drive significant long-term progress.

VI. Opposing View 2: Idealism Upholds Moral Integrity

Topic Sentence: Idealism maintains moral and ethical integrity.
Example 1: Finland’s idealistic stance on human rights (2010-present) sets global standards.
Example 2: Iceland’s idealistic environmental policies (2010-present) preserve nature.
Example 3: Switzerland’s idealistic neutrality (2010-present) promotes global diplomacy.
Analysis: These cases demonstrate how idealism preserves ethical and moral standards.

VII. Opposing View 3: Idealism Attracts Public Support

Topic Sentence: Idealistic politicians gain public trust and support.
Example 1: Jacinda Ardern’s idealistic leadership in New Zealand (2017-present) boosts popularity.
Example 2: Canada’s idealistic health care policies (2015-present) ensure public welfare.
Example 3: Bhutan’s idealistic Gross National Happiness policy (2010-present) inspires the nation.
Analysis: These examples show how idealism can attract and retain public support.

VIII. Conclusion

Restate Thesis: Politicians must prioritise pragmatism over idealism, though idealism can inspire positive change.
Summary of Key Points: Recap main supporting and opposing views.
Final Thought: Balancing pragmatism and idealism is key to effective political leadership.

Reading References:

Fukuyama, Francis. Political Order and Political Decay: From the Industrial Revolution to the Globalization of Democracy. Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2014.
Mounk, Yascha. The People vs. Democracy: Why Our Freedom Is in Danger and How to Save It. Harvard University Press, 2018.

Do you agree with the view that the most dangerous threats to mankind today are political and religious extremism?

Political and religious extremism pose significant threats to mankind today, though other factors such as climate change, economic instability, and technological risks are equally dangerous.

I. Introduction

Hook: Threats to mankind in the form of extremist ideologies often dominate headlines and incite fear globally.
Background: Overview of recent instances of political and religious extremism.
Thesis Statement: Political and religious extremism pose significant threats to mankind today, though other factors such as climate change, economic instability, and technological risks are equally dangerous.

II. Supporting View 1: Political Extremism

Topic Sentence: Political extremism destabilises societies and endangers lives.
Example 1: The Syrian civil war (2011-present) has caused immense suffering.
Example 2: Venezuela’s political crisis (2013-present) led to mass displacement.
Example 3: Myanmar’s military coup (2021) resulted in widespread violence.
Analysis: These examples show how political extremism disrupts peace and stability.

III. Supporting View 2: Religious Extremism

Topic Sentence: Religious extremism incites violence and terror.
Example 1: Boko Haram’s insurgency in Nigeria (2010-present) caused many deaths.
Example 2: Sri Lanka’s Easter bombings (2019) killed hundreds.
Example 3: ISIS attacks in Europe (2015-2017) spread fear and chaos.
Analysis: These instances highlight the lethal impact of religious extremism.

IV. Supporting View 3: Global Influence of Extremism

Topic Sentence: Extremism’s global reach amplifies its threat to mankind.
Example 1: Spread of far-right movements in Europe (2015-present).
Example 2: Rise of jihadist groups in Africa (2010-present).
Example 3: Influence of extremist ideologies on social media (2010-present).
Analysis: The global influence of extremism intensifies its danger to mankind.

V. Opposing View 1: Climate Change

Topic Sentence: Climate change poses a more existential threat.
Example 1: Australia’s bushfires (2019-2020) devastated ecosystems.
Example 2: Floods in South Asia (2020) displaced millions.
Example 3: Droughts in Africa (2015-present) exacerbated food insecurity.
Analysis: These events demonstrate the severe impact of climate change on human survival.

VI. Opposing View 2: Economic Instability

Topic Sentence: Economic instability threatens global stability and is a threat to mankind.
Example 1: Greece’s debt crisis (2010-2018) caused widespread hardship.
Example 2: Argentina’s financial crisis (2018-present) led to severe poverty.
Example 3: Lebanon’s economic collapse (2019-present) resulted in mass protests.
Analysis: Economic instability can destabilise nations and affect millions.

VII. Opposing View 3: Technological Risks

Topic Sentence: Technological advancements can also pose significant threats.
Example 1: Cyberattacks on critical infrastructure in Ukraine (2015-present).
Example 2: Data privacy breaches in Europe (2015-present).
Example 3: AI misuse concerns in China (2010-present).
Analysis: These examples highlight the dangers of unchecked technological advancements.

VIII. Conclusion

Restate Thesis: Political and religious extremism pose significant threats, but other factors such as climate change, economic instability, and technological risks are equally dangerous.
Summary of Key Points: Recap the main supporting and opposing views.
Final Thought: Addressing these threats requires a comprehensive approach that considers all potential dangers to mankind.

Reading References:

Hoffman, Bruce. Inside Terrorism. Columbia University Press, 2017.
Stern, Jessica, and J.M. Berger. ISIS: The State of Terror. Ecco, 2015.
Mann, Michael E. The Madhouse Effect: How Climate Change Denial Is Threatening Our Planet, Destroying Our Politics, and Driving Us Crazy. Columbia University Press, 2016.
Old but still gold: https://www.pewresearch.org/religion/2005/10/21/in-gods-name-evaluating-the-links-between-religious-extremism-and-terrorism/

The idea that science will one day create a perfect world is a dangerous delusion. Discuss.

There is little doubt that science is a stealthy snake. While science has made significant progress, the belief that it will create a perfect world is a dangerous delusion due to ethical, social, and environmental concerns.

I. Introduction

Hook: The promise of a perfect world through science captivates many. But science is dangerous.
Background: Overview of scientific advancements and their impact on society.
Thesis Statement: While science has made significant progress, the belief that it will create a perfect world is a dangerous delusion due to ethical, social, and environmental concerns.

II. Supporting View 1: Ethical Concerns

Topic Sentence: Science is dangerous so much so that scientific advancements often raise ethical concerns.
Example 1: In 2018, China’s gene-editing of babies sparked global ethical debates.
Example 2: In 2020, Japan faced ethical questions about AI in healthcare.
Example 3: In 2019, India’s use of biometric data raised privacy concerns.
Analysis: These examples show how ethical dilemmas challenge the notion of a perfect world through science.

III. Supporting View 2: Social Inequality

Topic Sentence: Science can exacerbate social inequality.
Example 1: In 2021, South Africa’s unequal vaccine distribution highlighted disparities.
Example 2: In 2019, India’s digital divide worsened educational inequalities.
Example 3: In 2020, the UK’s access to advanced healthcare technologies was unequal.
Analysis: These instances illustrate how scientific progress can increase social inequalities.

IV. Supporting View 3: Environmental Impact

Topic Sentence: Scientific advancements can harm the environment.
Example 1: In 2021, Brazil’s deforestation for biofuel production harmed ecosystems.
Example 2: In 2020, Australia’s mining activities caused significant environmental damage.
Example 3: In 2019, China’s industrial pollution remained a severe issue.
Analysis: These cases demonstrate that scientific progress often comes with environmental costs.

V. Opposing View 1: Solving Global Problems

Topic Sentence: Science has the potential to solve global problems.
Example 1: In 2021, Germany’s renewable energy initiatives addressed climate change.
Example 2: In 2019, Japan’s disaster prevention technologies saved lives.
Example 3: In 2020, India’s clean water projects improved public health.
Analysis: These examples show how scientific advancements can address critical global issues.

VI. Opposing View 2: Enhancing Quality of Life

Topic Sentence: Science enhances the quality of life for many.
Example 1: In 2020, South Korea’s healthcare innovations extended life expectancy.
Example 2: In 2019, Switzerland’s technological advancements improved daily convenience.
Example 3: In 2021, Finland’s education technology enhanced learning experiences.
Analysis: These instances highlight how science can significantly improve quality of life.

VII. Opposing View 3: Economic Growth

Topic Sentence: Scientific advancements drive economic growth.
Example 1: In 2019, China’s tech industry boosted its economy.
Example 2: In 2020, India’s IT sector created numerous jobs.
Example 3: In 2021, Germany’s engineering innovations fueled economic development.
Analysis: These examples illustrate that scientific progress can lead to substantial economic benefits.

VIII. Conclusion

Restate Thesis: While science has made significant progress, the belief that science will create a perfect world is a dangerous delusion due to ethical, social, and environmental concerns.
Summary of Key Points: Recap the main supporting and opposing views.
Final Thought: Strive for balanced progress that considers ethical, social, and environmental impacts.

Reading References:

Harari, Yuval Noah. Homo Deus: A Brief History of Tomorrow. 2016.
Joy, Bill. “Why the Future Doesn’t Need Us.” Wired, April 2000.
Susskind, Richard. Future Politics: Living Together in a World Transformed by Tech. 2018.
Jasanoff, Sheila. The Ethics of Invention: Technology and the Human Future. 2016.
Bostrom, Nick. Superintelligence: Paths, Dangers, Strategies. 2014.

The mark of a civilised society is how they treat their elderly. How far do you agree?

A society’s treatment of its elderly reflects its values and civility. However, other factors, such as economic development, education, and justice, also define a civilised society.

I. Introduction

Hook: The elderly are often seen as a society’s most vulnerable members.
Background: Overview of the importance of treating the elderly with respect and care.
Thesis Statement: A society’s treatment of its elderly reflects its values and civility. However, other factors, such as economic development, education, and justice, also define a civilised society.

II. Supporting View 1: Respect and Care for the Elderly

Topic Sentence: Respect and care for the elderly indicate societal values and civility.
Example 1: In 2021, Japan’s respect for the elderly is evident in its national holiday, Respect for the Aged Day.
Example 2: In 2020, Norway’s comprehensive elder care system showed societal commitment to its elderly.
Example 3: In 2019, Singapore’s Pioneer Generation Package provided extensive support to its elderly population.
Analysis: These examples show that societies which respect and care for their elderly reflect strong moral values.

III. Supporting View 2: Elderly Welfare Programs

Topic Sentence: Effective elderly welfare programs demonstrate a society’s commitment to its members.
Example 1: In 2019, Sweden’s extensive elder care services showcased a robust welfare state.
Example 2: In 2020, Germany’s high-quality nursing homes highlighted its commitment to elderly welfare.
Example 3: In 2018, the Netherlands’ innovative elder care villages promoted dignity and quality of life.
Analysis: These instances illustrate that strong elderly welfare programs are markers of a civilised society.

IV. Supporting View 3: Legal Protections for the Elderly

Topic Sentence: Legal protections for the elderly signify a society’s commitment to justice and human rights.
Example 1: In 2021, South Korea implemented laws against elder abuse, ensuring protection for its elderly.
Example 2: In 2019, the UK strengthened legal frameworks to safeguard elderly rights and welfare.
Example 3: In 2020, Australia introduced elder abuse prevention programs, enhancing legal protections.
Analysis: These examples highlight how legal protections for the elderly reflect a society’s commitment to justice and human rights.

V. Opposing View 1: Economic Development as a Marker

Topic Sentence: Economic development is also a key marker of a civilised society.
Example 1: In 2019, China’s rapid economic growth lifted millions out of poverty.
Example 2: In 2020, India’s technological advancements contributed to national progress.
Example 3: In 2021, Brazil’s infrastructure development improved quality of life.
Analysis: These instances show that economic development significantly contributes to a civilised society.

VI. Opposing View 2: Education and Literacy Rates

Topic Sentence: High education and literacy rates define a civilised society.
Example 1: In 2020, Finland’s top-ranking education system demonstrated societal advancement.
Example 2: In 2019, South Korea’s high literacy rates reflected societal progress.
Example 3: In 2021, Singapore’s focus on education produced a highly skilled workforce.
Analysis: These examples illustrate that education and literacy are crucial indicators of a civilised society.

VII. Opposing View 3: Justice and Legal Systems

Topic Sentence: A fair and effective justice system is a crucial aspect of a civilised society.
Example 1: In 2019, New Zealand’s justice reforms improved fairness and accessibility.
Example 2: In 2020, Denmark’s efficient legal system ensured justice and order.
Example 3: In 2021, Switzerland’s strong legal framework upheld human rights and justice.
Analysis: These instances highlight that justice and legal systems are essential components of a civilised society.

VIII. Conclusion

Restate Thesis: A society’s treatment of its elderly reflects its values and civility. However, economic development, education, and justice also define a civilised society.
Summary of Key Points: Recap the main supporting and opposing views.
Final Thought: A civilised society balances respect for its elderly with overall progress in various domains.