‘Given the  cost  of conflict,  it should  always be  avoided.’ Discuss.

Conflict is widely regarded as something that  incurs some form of cost  to all parties involved,  especially for those wielding  lesser  power  in the  dispute. While it is oft assumed that  these costs  outweigh the  potential benefits (if any) arising from the conflict and should  thus be avoided, there could  be situations where  the cost is justified or where  the conflict is unavoidable despite the potential cost incurred.

Show that the condition of the cost of conflict in every argument when evaluating whether it should  be  avoided. Provide  clear yardsticks  or criteria for evaluating and weighing whether disagreements should  always be avoided or not, given the costs  incurred.

Consider the possibility  that  some conflicts may be  unavoidable despite the potential cost. Consider the possibility  that  some conflicts may be the right course of action  if the potential cost is outweighed by the potential benefits of conflicts. Candidates are able  to discuss  the worth and value.

Reading Links

Here is a list of reading links for GP essays. These reading links range from crime, religion, media, history and science providing a valuable resource for students to write their essays. Check-out the reading links below

  1. Consider the view that people imprisoned for crimes should lose all their rights.

Locked Out 2022: Estimates of People Denied Voting Rights

Changing prisons to help people change

‘Slavery by any name is wrong’: the push to end forced labor in prisons

New Bill lets inmates out of prison to upgrade skills

  1. Does religion still have a role in the modern world?

The big idea: do we still need religion?

How followers of the world’s religions have changed over time

Religion Both Helped and Hurt during the Pandemic

  1. ‘Dramas on television or film are never as effective as a live performance.’ Discuss.

The Future Of Live Events: AR, VR, And Advertising

How COVID Has Changed Live Music—Forever

Live Performance Is Back. But Audiences Have Been Slow to Return.

  1. Assess the extent to which different age groups in your society are valued equally.

Discrimination against workers and jobseekers declined, but ageism still prevalent

Older workers vulnerable to rising tide of retrenchment

Generational gap — a bridge too far or are we making too much of it?

  1. To what extent can individuals shape their own lives when the world is so unpredictable?

10 ways your parents’ behaviors shape who you are today

How lockdown may have changed your personality

How the news changes the way we think and behave

  1. ‘Too many historical figures are famous for the wrong reasons.’ Discuss.

Black historical figures who shook the world

Genghis Khan: A vicious Barbarian or a Unifier

The trouble with judging historical figures by today’s moral standards

  1. ‘The results of scientific research should be available to everyone.’ How far do you agree?

Why can we trust the information produced by scientific research?

Science Must Be for Everyone

Tearing down the academic research paywall could come with a price

  1. Examine the claim that music without words lacks both meaning and appeal.

Why We Listen to Music With Lyrics We Don’t Understand

When classical music had a place on America’s political stage

What’s the most important part of a song: melody or lyrics?

  1. Since the extinction of species is a natural phenomenon, is there any point in trying to prevent it?

Extinction Is Not Inevitable. These Species Were Saved.

9 of the most shocking facts about global extinction – and how to stop it

The case against the concept of biodiversity

  1. ‘Consumerism is more of a curse than a blessing.’ How true is this of your society?

How the world embraced consumerism

The curse of consumerism

Capitalism is killing the planet – it’s time to stop buying into our own destruction

  1. Consider the view that mathematics is of little interest to most people as it is too complex.

What if Math Is a Fundamental Part of Nature, Not Something Humans Came Up With?

Why do so many people hate maths?

Equations built giants like Google.

  1. Consider the view that mathematics is of little interest to most people as it is too complex.

In Pursuit of Winning, We All Lose

Winning Isn’t Everything: Why It’s Good To Be A Loser Sometimes

Sometimes Winning Means Knowing When to Quit

Assess how successfully recycled materials are used for arts and crafts in your country.

• evaluate how successfully recycled materials are used for arts and crafts
• make a judgement, based on a consideration of the evidence and argument put forward.
• creative recycling being good for the environment forming the basis of money making projects
• the transformation of trash into various forms of art and design
• entrepreneurs starting their business ventures by collecting and repurposing unwanted items
• mosaics and other art forms being made from recycled material
• countries using recycled materials for arts and crafts that represent their local culture
plastic waste which is a major problem being transformed for decorative purposes
• not all waste materials can be successfully recycled or lending themselves to producing arts and crafts
• recycling negatively impacting manufacturing companies and having a detrimental effect on the local economies.

To what extent is history based on lies rather than facts?

• discuss what might constitute an historical fact
• consider the extent to which history is based on lies
• make a judgement, based on the consideration of the evidence and
argument put forward that is history based on lies.
manipulating of historical events to suit national narratives and
prejudices
• history of wars and social upheaval tending to be written by those on the
winning side
• how real or imagined historical events are portrayed in stories such as
myths and legends
• the deliberate manipulation and misrepresentation of history by using
propaganda
• how historical events and figures have been understood differently in
different ages or parts of the world
• the nature of history demanding that there is some basis in truth
• it being rare that there is complete agreement in the study of history
• the distortion of the truth may happen in the study of history, but this is
not lying.

Consider the  importance of nature in your society.

While intuitively we know that  nature is important for societies, we may take it for granted. By examining the roles  and  functions  nature plays  for [insert your country]. Evaluate  how  big  a part  nature plays  in the lives of citizens of [insert your country] and if our belief in the importance of nature truly reflects in the actions of citizens towards preservation and  conservation of nature in their country. The assumption is that there is worth in nature and  importance of nature [insert your country].

Demonstrate the purposes and  uses  of nature in [insert your country] and  evaluate the value and relevance of these purposes and  uses  to the  average citizen. Examine the challenges  that  will cause [insert your country] to  weigh  the  value  and  relevance of nature against  other  competing demands.

Present  the  impact  from  various  levels  of society  (individuals, community and  national). Provide an analysis of the  impact  (good or bad) and  come to a conclusion on whether do the impact  justify the presence of nature in [insert your country].

Consider also the counter-arguments by explaining  that  there are  other  areas  that  are  equally,  or more important than nature without any attempt to compare against the functions  of nature.

We are too greedy for our own good. Is this reflective of your society?

Greed is a concept which suggests that one consumes or takes more than what is required. Survivalists support the concept of greed, stating that it is a practical solution in today’s world. There are others who believe that greed is immoral and selfish. Die-hard Singaporeans will swear that greediness runs deep in Singapore. It can be said that some segments in society are greedier than others but greediness is not rampant in Singapore. In fact, there are measures in place to counter the detrimental effects of greed within Singapore. 

Greed is a natural human tendency, but some people take it further than needed. Dr Tan Gek Young sold more than 2300 litres of cough syrup to drug abusers just for profit-making. His actions proved that greed to earn extra money was more important than the lives of his patients. Similarly, the Sim Lim Square incident clearly shows the greediness of Mobile Air owner Jover Chew who sold phones at a higher rate to a Vietnamese tourist. Such incidents portray Singapore as an overindulgent society where people care to serve only their self-interests. Thus, greed can be seen in some sections of society where people care about profit more than morality.  

It is well documented that the majority of Singaporeans have a kiasu mentality. They believe that having more is better than less. This is especially true in the case of educational qualifications. Singaporeans develop a high level of competitiveness for getting into reputed universities and polytechnics.  However, chasing good educational qualifications is not a bad thing as it is a stepping stone towards success. This mentality of getting top grades from top universities is normalised in Singapore. Thus, it is clear that greed is considered normal even in educational achievement. 

Success comes at a price. The cost of living is high in Singapore compared to other Asian countries. This also leads to materialistic tendencies in the population. Owning houses in private condominiums and driving luxurious cars are seen as status symbols. The rich are revered in society and are appreciated and admired for the wealth they have accumulated. Pragmatism which is taught at a very young age to children makes them believe that being wealthy translates into happiness. The idea of being rich and successful is a constant motivation for being greedy. However, it is not all that bad because it shows that Singaporeans are more aware of their financial goals and strive to improve their situation. Thus, being greedy to achieve financial goals is not bad until it has detrimental effects on society. 

However, on the flip side, there are also counter-measures being taken within the Singaporean society to tackle the issue of greed. Government has been very helpful in assisting people who take care of the elderly in their homes. Singapore is a welfare-oriented oriented nation today compared to earlier times. Moreover, businesses today are also committed to bring change within society. For example, Boxgreen Singapore, a snacking company, donates a portion of the proceeds from the sold snacks, to provide meals for the needy. In this way, they allow compassion to dominate greediness. Moreover, they not only help the poor but are also mindful about the environment and use recyclable packaging.  The growth of such assistance policies and businesses show people within the society an alternate way of living, which is filled with empathy and compassion. Therefore, even though greed is prevalent in the Singaporean society there are counter-measures in place to tackle the issue. 

Any modern metropolis will have its share of greed. This factor is inbuilt in capitalists systems. So, greed is evident in the Singaporean society in various sections. In education, businesses and even in individuals. However, to balance out the situation there are private and government entities that play an important role in countering these issues. Singaporeans pragmatism leads them to be greedy in some areas however, they are not too greedy for their own good. 

To what extent has modern technology allowed people to spend their money more effectively?

• examine how modern technology has enabled people to spend their money
• assess whether it has helped people to spend their money more effectively
• make a judgement , based on the consideration of the evidence and argument put forward.
• modern technology allowing for more secure, varied and fast transactions
• money being saved on a variety of items and processes that used to be more costly
• the lack of pressure from salespeople allowing consumers to take their time over spending decisions
• the convenience of spending money from home saving time and money
• a wider range of products are available at a greater range of prices
the dangers of fraud and security breaches impacting on a person’s privacy and finances
• the lack of a personal interaction as many prefer to visit stores and go into banks
• there can be delays in delivery and other problems with online only services.

To what extent can children’s literature be enjoyed by adults?

• examine examples of children’s literature
• consider the contexts in which so-called children’s literature can be enjoyed by adults
• make a judgement, based on the consideration of the evidence and argument put forward.
• the nostalgic value of adults encountering literature from their childhood
• children’s books often being very ‘adult’ in realism, emotional and psychological depth
• genres having crossover appeal in both children’s and adult literature
• many popular works of literature among adults were originally written for children
• whether adults can enjoy them may depend on the recommended age of the children’s books
• some popular works of literature have versions for children often lacking the depth of adult versions
• stories for children evoking only children’s experiences and their own autonomous world
• definitions of what constitutes literature for adults and literature for children often being blurred.

Should  the  study  of literature be made compulsory in schools?

The benefits of studying literature, to individuals,  societies and the world as a whole, are recognised by those who believe that  reading literature is essential for human  flourishing  as fundamentally, it is about the  search of meaning through the  appreciation of narratives. All of mankind  tells stories  to make  sense of the  world, imagine alternatives and explore the human  condition. Study of Literature, both  as an aesthetic art form or humanities study,  is evocative and  emotive, and  through igniting  readers’ hearts and  minds,  is a powerful  medium to build empathy and critical insight into what makes  us human, themes of justice, fairness and beauty, and what better societies look like. Given its potential to yield such profound benefits, there are grounds to call for its institutionalisation in public  schools  as a mandatory subject.

The question assumes that the  study  of literature  is essential  for a  good human  life, in the  same  way the  study  of languages and  mathematics is.   Making literature a mandatory study  for all school-going children  will yield benefits to them  as they grow up, in adulthood and  by extension, contribute to better outcomes in society.

Consider this: If the  study of literature  were  to involve cultivating  an appreciation for understanding the human  condition, the skill of perspective- taking  and  the nurturing of the dispositions of empathy and  emotional maturity,  it would be then easy to argue that there are legitimate reasons to ground the recommendation. But what if we cannot elicit such understanding among students?

Are moral values absorbed through fairy tales constitute as literature and are they adequate?

Don’t neglect attention to  the  context specified  – ‘in  schools’  and  expand on  the  study  or appreciation  of literature  in  general,  failing  to  realise  that  the  question  invites  consideration  of  when  and  how countries and their involved ministries decide to made the study of a subject mandatory within public institutions like schools.

The movement of people from the countryside to cities cannot be sustained. Discuss.

• assess the scale of the movement of people to urban environments
• consider the extent to which movement of people from the countryside to cities can be sustained
• make a judgement, based on the consideration of the evidence and argument put forward
• the need for people to live in the countryside for resources and work
• the negative impact of excessive numbers of people moving from the countryside into the town
the danger of overcrowding in urban environments and the negative impacts of this on people
• how urban life quickly adapts to the increasing number of people
• the provision of a wide range of facilities for large groups of people
• urban infrastructure may develop to meet the needs of a growing population
• the benefits to work/life balance of living in largely populated urban environments
• how it may be necessary and whether it is possible to reverse this process.