Author: VidS

Assess whether a one-party system is an effective form of government

Possible points for discussing whether the one-party system is effective

  • show understanding of a one-party system and its working
  • consider the advantages and disadvantages of the one-party system
  • make a judgment based on the consideration of the evidence and argument put forward.
  • the one-party system is an effective and stable administration enabling long-term plans to be made without disruption
  • continual economic progress where there is no tension between rival parties
  • all power being concentrated in the hands of one leader
  • there being unity and discipline in a country without opposing factions
  • disallowing any form of free expression or opposition to the views of the state
  • fears of a dictatorship and the end of democracy and debate
  • social freedoms being crushed stifling individuality and personality
  • the reality that opponents of this system are not tolerated.

Studying local history is as important as world history. Discuss.

Possible points for discussing the importance of studying local history

  • discuss the concept of the history of people, places and events at a local level
  • consider the importance of studying local history compared with national or world history
  • make a judgement, based on consideration of the evidence and argument put forward.
  • local history writing, records and archives having immediate interest and relevance
  • local history recording people’s lives and experiences that relate to world events
  • the celebration of culture, society and language of smaller groups
  • local history being an immense source of pride and a useful local resource
  • local history enabling the young and future generations to understand their forebears
  • the writings of highly enthusiastic amateurs, with a direct connection to the area and subject matter
  • problems arising around interpretation and emphasis at a local level
  • local history being seen as unimportant in the context of international events.

Countries with poor human rights records should not be allowed to host international sporting events. Discuss.

Possible points for allowing countries with poor human rights records to host sporting events.

  • consider why certain countries are deemed to violate human rights
  • evaluate the importance of hosting international sporting events in a range of countries
  • make a judgement, based on consideration of the evidence and argument put forward about allowing countries with poor human rights records to host sporting events.
  • hosting these events being profitable and creating employment for all kinds of people
  • the possible endorsement of morally questionable actions by nations and governing bodies
  • those countries which feel their status is reflected in sporting achievement
  • events being unjustifiable when citizens lack rights or live in extreme poverty
  • there being a strong case for excluding countries which tolerate forms of cheating
  • those countries which make positive changes in order to be internationally acceptable
  • contact with sportspeople and spectators having a positive impact on the home population
  • human rights being a contestable issue for a variety of social and cultural reasons.

Unlike the Arts, such as writing or music, Mathematics lacks the capacity for creativity. How far do you agree with this statement?

Imagine a world stripped of its artistic essence, devoid of captivating melodies, poetic verses, and masterpieces that inspire the soul. Now envision the absence of mathematical marvels, precise calculations, and intricate patterns that form the foundation of our scientific understanding. In such a scenario, some argue that mathematics, unlike the arts, lacks the capacity for creativity. However, it can be firmly contended that this viewpoint is flawed and mathematics does not lack creativity. This essay will explore the creative realm of mathematics, highlighting its profound capacity for creativity through its problem-solving nature, the elegance of mathematical proofs, and its application in real-life scenarios.

Mathematics is a realm of endless problems waiting to be solved, requiring imaginative and innovative thinking. Mathematicians often encounter complex problems, necessitating the exploration of uncharted territories to find unique solutions. For example, in the late 20th century, the four-colour theorem posed a challenging problem in graph theory: Can any map be coloured with only four colours, such that no two adjacent regions share the same colour? Mathematicians Kenneth Appel and Wolfgang Haken developed extraordinary proof using innovative techniques, including computer-assisted methods, to demonstrate the validity of the theorem. This feat required creative problem-solving skills and an unconventional approach. Another example can be found in the field of optimization, where mathematicians apply creative thinking to maximize or minimize a given objective. In the realm of operations research, the travelling salesman problem serves as a classic illustration. This problem seeks the most efficient route for a salesman to visit a set of cities and return to the starting point. To find the optimal solution, various creative approaches, such as genetic algorithms and simulated annealing, have been employed, demonstrating the creativity required to tackle mathematical problems. Therefore, mathematics does not lack creativity because like arts it also requires imaginative and innovative thinking.

Mathematical proofs exhibit an inherent aesthetic appeal that rivals the aesthetics found in art forms. A well-crafted proof is akin to a symphony, harmoniously intertwining ideas, logic, and creativity. One notable example is Gödel’s incompleteness theorems, which shook the foundations of mathematics in the 20th century. Kurt Gödel’s proof ingeniously showed that any formal system of mathematics would either be incomplete or inconsistent. This ground-breaking result required creative thinking and a deep understanding of logic, showcasing the elegance and creative nature of mathematical proofs. Another captivating example lies in the field of fractal geometry, where mathematical objects exhibit intricate self-similarity and fascinating patterns. The Mandelbrot set, discovered by Benoit Mandelbrot, is a prime illustration. Its complex and infinitely detailed structure emerge from a simple iterative equation. Exploring the Mandelbrot set and its countless intricate features requires both mathematical rigour and artistic intuition, demonstrating the creative interplay between mathematics and aesthetics. Therefore, mathematics does not lack creativity because the aesthetic appeal of mathematical proofs is on par with that of artistic creations.

Mathematics transcends theoretical abstraction and finds practical applications in diverse fields, demonstrating its creative potential. Through its practical applications, mathematics not only solves real-world problems but also showcases its capacity for creativity. One compelling example of mathematics’ practical application is in the field of computer graphics. The creation of visually stunning computer-generated imagery (CGI) in movies and video games relies heavily on mathematical principles. From rendering realistic textures and lighting effects to simulating fluid dynamics and complex physics, mathematical algorithms play a vital role in bringing imaginative worlds to life. Another fascinating application of mathematics can be found in the field of financial modelling. Financial institutions and investors rely on mathematical models to make informed decisions about investments, risk management, and portfolio optimization. The Black-Scholes-Merton model, for instance, creatively combines mathematical concepts to determine the fair value of options and other derivatives. By applying creative mathematical modelling techniques, financial professionals can navigate complex financial landscapes and make strategic decisions. Therefore, mathematics lacks creativity is just a misconception, because it finds practical application in real-life scenarios.

Opponents may argue that mathematics is solely about logical reasoning and follows strict rules, leaving no room for creativity. However, this viewpoint fails to recognize that creativity in mathematics lies in the process of discovery, problem-solving strategies, and the elegance of mathematical proofs. It is not merely about subjective expression but about harnessing imagination to uncover new truths and solutions.

In conclusion, the claim that mathematics lacks creativity compared to the arts is misguided. Mathematics encompasses a creative realm that fosters problem-solving, exhibits beauty through elegant proofs, and finds practical applications in real-life scenarios. The creative nature of mathematics is evident in its profound impact on the world. As we acknowledge the artistic essence concealed within the realm of mathematics, we expand our perception of creativity and embrace its elegant solutions’ profound beauty.

Assess the importance of learning a second language.

Possible points for discussing the importance of learning a second language

  • examine why learning a second language is important
  • consider why learning another language may not be important
  • make a judgement, based on the evidence and argument put forward.
  • in multi-lingual societies, knowing more than one language promotes social harmony and understanding
  • it is useful when travelling abroad as understanding local languages can be helpful for many practical reasons
  • fewer schools in some areas of the world are teaching foreign languages due to a shortage of funding
  • widening job and education opportunities as knowledge of another language can be an advantage
  • boosting brain power and memory, when learning something new and developing communication skills
  • wide availability of translation apps and software diminishes the need to learn another language
  • experiencing new cultures and ideas with others across the world
  • it is easier to learn another language as a child; many children have parents who speak different languages at home
  • speakers of widely-used languages may find it less important to learn another language.

Attending a live performance is the best way to experience music. Evaluate this statement.

Possible points about whether attending a life performance is the best way to experience music.

  • refer to experiences from live performances in their own lives
  • assess whether live performance is preferable to other forms of performing
  • make a judgement based on the consideration of evidence and argument put forward.
  • the atmosphere of a live venue making the experience more memorable
  • the opportunity for artists to perform a ‘one-off’ moment that is unique, like an improvisation
  • the mutual opportunity for fans and musicians to connect with one another during live performances
  • live performances and music festivals are events enjoyed by friends and family together
  • attending a live performance takes up a lot of time and being in one place
  • preferring to listen in private rather than having the distractions that are present in a live performance
  • listeners of recorded music have the choice of which track and order it is played in, for them that could be the best way to experience music
  • the relative cost of attending a live performance is high compared to the cost of a recording.

To what extent do television programmes have a negative influence on people?

Possible points discussing the negative impacts of television programmes

  • discuss the role of television programmes in society
  • consider the extent to which the influence of television programmes has been detrimental
  • make a judgement, based on considering the evidence and argument put forward.
  • television programmes make people lazy and replace more active leisure pursuits
  • some television programmes are essentially escapist and have little cultural value
  • Illegal and inappropriate actions are ‘normalised’ in many programmes
  • causing people to interact less and stay in their own homes more
  • television is responsible for high-quality programmes and making them available around the world
  • television becoming an important medium for news and current affairs
  • in many countries, regulatory bodies monitor the negative or controversial content of television programmes
  • recent developments in digital television and streaming improving the
  • range and diversity of programmes.

How far should a state have a right to monitor the actions of people within its borders?

People oppose the idea of state-sponsored surveillance as it violates their privacy. There are others who believe that state monitoring is necessary to protect the well-being of its people. One could argue that the state should have the right to monitor the actions of its people, as long as the monitoring does not impinge on their privacy and curb their mobility.

Many people use the internet to express their views and opinions on social media websites and forums. If the right of privacy is snatched away from people and their every action is monitored, it would impinge upon the freedom of people. State monitoring endangers self-expression as individuals are implicitly forced to make decisions and voice out opinions that align with the policies and interests of the state. For example, in China, state-sponsored surveillance is widespread. When people choose to use social media, they cannot criticise the government. Similarly, people cannot move around freely without being monitored by the state. Facial–recognition software is used to access office buildings, streets and even residential areas. China exactly illustrates what can a society become if state sponsored monitoring is used without any constraints. When the state decides to monitor people, it can use several measures that eventually take infringe individual privacy who are not even imminent threats to the society. Therefore, state the right to monitor every action of people within its borders can have repercussions as the individual may lose all their privacy and the voice to express disappointment eventually.

However, surveillance is necessary to protect people from crime and violent attacks. When it comes to protecting the lives of individuals the state definitely should have the authority to monitor the action of its people. In many countries like the United States and the UK, surveillance has helped police to avert crimes. Surveillance cameras, for example, can help police pinpoint the time of a crime, trace criminal activity and get information about vehicles like descriptions and license plates. In Brazil, facial recognition has helped the police arrest a drug-traffickers. Thus, information from monitoring helps in narrowing down areas where crime is most prevalent. Israel too was able to avert more than 200 terrorist attacks from Palestine by monitoring social media activity. Surveillance not only helps in averting crimes and attacks but also helps to rescue victims of crime. If people are willing to sacrifice their privacy, then the state can better protect them from violent crimes and be a step ahead of criminals and terrorists. State monitoring action of its people is an efficient way to thwart criminal activities and address complex crimes and terrorist threats that surround many societies today. Thus, the state should have the right to monitor the actions of people within its border as it is necessary to keep national security in mind.

On the flip side, surveillance of the state can worsen issues because of people’s tendency to stereotype. Profiling based on religion, race and gender can lead to snap judgements. Racial profiling is a harsh reality which is prevalent in Western democracies. Biased profiling can be used to suppress the minority communities that are detained because of suspicion. Thus, enhanced surveillance like facial recognition can deeply impact and escalate behaviour that is prejudiced. An example of this can be seen in countries like Turkey, Israel and China. Thus, surveillance can be used by state authorities to target certain social groups and consequently reinforce stereotypes which may lead to oppression and conflict within the society. Therefore, the state should not monitor the activities of the people as it can lead to stereotyping and oppression.

In conclusion, state monitoring is essential for maintaining the well-being of people. However, the power of monitoring should be used responsibly and should not be used to establish dominance over people. Surveillance using technology is simply a new way to determine the safety of all people.

Poetry is irrelevant in the modern world. To what extent do you agree?

Possible points for discussing if poetry is irrelevant in the modern world

  • discuss examples of poetry
  • consider the extent to which poetry remains relevant today
  • make a judgement, based on the consideration of the evidence and argument put forward to discuss if poetry is irrelevant or relevant.
  • the integral role it plays in its literary and cultural heritage
  • the strong relationship between poetry and popular modern music forms
  • the continuing popularity of nursery rhymes and rhyme as tools for educating children
  • poetic devices as features of language and literature for appreciation and study
  • eternal themes and emotions expressed in poetry remain relevant
  • poetry as a means to demonstrate creativity and freedom of expression
  • poetry is seen as a niche pursuit in comparison with other art forms
  • poets experiencing difficulty in selling their work could discourage aspiring writers.

Evaluate how important it is for a person’s health, to spend time in the natural world.

Possible points for the importance of spending time in the natural world for a person’s health

  • assess the reasons why the natural world is important for physical and mental health
  • consider the possible limitations of nature in achieving physical and mental health
  • make a judgement based on a consideration of the evidence and argument put forward your stand on whether it is important to spend time in the natural world.
  • it is not always easy to discover nature when living in urban areas that have few or no parks
  • taking part in leisure activities in a green space is beneficial to a person’s health
  • the health benefits of working in a natural environment
  • the impact of prolonged time spent on the internet or a virtual world
  • nature can be harsh with storms, drought and famine sometimes leading to poverty and displacement of people
  • health benefits can be achieved through diet, indoor exercise and meditation or medical treatment
  • music, art and literature can also provide solace, healing and personal growth
  • working in a job you like, feeling needed and having family and friends can be a consolation.