Have international sporting events lost their true purpose today?

The Olympic motto “Citius, Altius, Fortius” interpreted into English means “Faster, Higher, Stronger”. The motto has inspired and motivated sports athletes throughout the years. The motto is a call to scale the heights, broaden horizons, reset standards, beat the clock, and better the best. Sports have always served a myriad of purposes from fostering teamwork to bringing communities together. However, the corruption and commercialisation that exist in sporting events have led many to believe that they have lost their true purpose. Agreeing with this view, it can be said that international sporting events have lost their true purpose today.

Sporting events are believed to foster human strength and character. Sports still promote these values and imbibes a sense of pride in the athletes. Many athletes work tirelessly to break records in sports which are usually considered impossible to achieve. For example, Usain Bolt has created records that are hard to break. Owing to his achievements and dominance in sprint competition, he is widely considered to be the greatest sprinter of all time. Similarly, inspired by Michael Phelps, Joseph Schooling, won Singapore’s first-ever Olympic medal in swimming. International sporting events are instrumental in the developing physical strength, building character and developing strategic thinking. Thus, international sporting events have not lost their true purpose today because it provides athletes to display their strength and character.

International sporting events also help in bringing communities closer and foster a sense of brotherhood. International sporting events help in building a shared common identity among people. Furthermore, sporting events helps individuals to understand themselves as members of communities by engaging in sports. For instance, Spanish national soccer teams display a combative playstyle known as the red fury. Spaniards mirror their national teams’ play style when they face adversity. Apart from national identity, international sports also give people to bond over their common interest in sports. For instance, cricket is a sport which is enjoyed by countries like India and Pakistan. Cricket matches are a great way to help countries build strong and amicable ties even off the field. To further illustrate this point, the example of the Olympic games can be cited where the value of international friendship and cooperation among the participating athletes and the countries they represented was truly demonstrated. Thus, International sporting events have helped in promoting peaceful international relations among diverse nations as people compete without strife by setting aside their political and geopolitical differences.

Despite the positive purpose of sports, the dark side of the sporting events cannot be ignored. Today many countries do not realise the true purpose of sports. Many countries that host prominent international sporting events are not concerned with building a sports culture. Their motivation to organise these events is – profit. The hosting of the Rio Olympics in 2017 a shift in Brazil budget allocation. Where the country focused on investing huge sums in building sporting infrastructure while ignoring important sectors like education and healthcare. Though from the country’s perspective it could be said that the economic factor was important. It cannot be ignored that the lack of consideration led the country to face one of the worst recessions which led to further budget cuts. Moreover, sponsorship in sports has made it just a marketing commodity. The players are known for their worth in terms of how much they earn. An example of such sponsorship is seen in stadiums where dozens of sponsorship ads are displayed from edge to edge of the outfield. During the Olympics 2018, the IOC was criticised by the media undermining its emphasis on health and athleticism by taking money from companies like McDonald’s that sell junk food. Such instances highlight how sports today is a profit-driven industry. Making money is their only concern and sporting ideals are being forgotten. Thus, international sporting events have lost their true purpose today because of blatant commercialisation.

International sporting events today are also marred by the athletes who participate in them. Athletes today believe that they need to win at any cost. This determination to win can make them lose the sense of right and wrong. Today sportspersons are set up on high pedestals which lead them to use tactics like doping to maintain those records. For example, systematic doping in Russian sports has resulted in 47 Olympic and tens of world championships medals being stripped from Russian athletes. Similarly, Lance Armstrong, one of the greatest cyclists, was stripped of his titles and banned from pro cycling for life in 2012 for doping. Apart from doping charges, athletes have also been involved in other controversies that make people lose their faith in the legitimacy of international sporting events. Thus, international sporting events have lost their true purpose today because of the athletes who indulge in unfair practices.

In conclusion, it can be said that international sporting events are losing their purpose today in the world. Blatant commercialisation and lack of fair play have led to the deterioration of values that are important in sports. Jacques Rogge, the President of the International Olympic Committee once said, ‘It takes more than crossing the line first to make a champion. A champion is more than a winner. A champion is someone who respects the rules, rejects doping and competes in the spirit of fair play.’ There is no denying that sporting events bring people together and there is a need to identify the true purpose of sports – friendship, team spirit, and respect for equality and integrity.

One in nine people on our planet cannot enjoy life because of malnutrition. Suggest and evaluate ways that could cope with this crisis.

How can we cope with the problem of malnutrition

Less emphasis on meat production
• To cope with the problem of malnutrition there is a need for more support for small farmers
• Cash crops and local needs
• Ownership of patent – GM crops – the role of GM in countering scarcity
– positive and negative aspects
• Use of water – how to more effective and less wasteful use of
• Role of charities and volunteers outside of purely cash donation
• Less waste of food in wealthier nations/adjustment of shopping
habits and attitudes
• Education in sustainable farming methods
Food awareness and health

Nanotechnology has immense potential in medical science. How far should developments in this technology take priority in medical research?

Points for Nanotechnology immense potential in medical science

• Can target specific cells
• Nanotechnology has immense potential in medical science as it can help in attacking cancers
• Tiny robots have been developed that can travel through the
bloodstream attending to damaged tissue or carrying medicines to
specific parts of the body
Microchip implants can help the paralysed regain use of their limbs
• Nerve cells from the nose have been removed and transplanted to
treat a damaged spinal column
• Microprocessing is an example of nanotechnology – if it has benefits
here why not elsewhere?
• Safety issues when materials are reduced to the nanoscale – they
might replicate alarmingly and congregate in the lungs, for example
• Nanoparticles pour out of car exhausts and these are toxic
• Sufferers from diabetes could benefit – no need to inject – insulin is
released when needed
• The management of treatment for a range of conditions could
become dramatically less onerous

To what extent can outside intervention in the affairs of sovereign countries be justified?

Can intervention in the affairs of sovereign countries be justified

• One rule for one, not others
• Types of espionage
• Countries that default on their debts
• The prevention of genocide
• The impacts of the intervention on other countries
Arbitrarily drawn borders
• Is independence any longer meaningful?
• The authority of the U.N

Account for the continued popularity of documentaries about the natural world.

Reasons for continued popularity of documentaries about the natural world.

• Colourful and scenic
A fascination with the natural world
• Behaviours in nature can be spontaneous, comic, dramatic, educational
and unique
• The patience and skill of filming captures unique perspectives/close-ups
which could not be seen in real life
• Empathy with nature and protecting the planet
• Depends on interest level in the subject
• Depends on the quality of the filming/narration
• Can depend on presentation/production values/technology
• Entertainment needs are varied but all could hold equal value

‘The attempt to achieve healthy living can cause misery.’ To what extent is this true?

Can the attempt to achieve healthy living can cause misery

Obsession with self-image can cause misery
• Obsession with dieting prevents the enjoyment of eating (could lead to
anorexia, bulimia, taking dangerous medication, crash diets)
• Obsession with exercise can become physically damaging/time
consuming
• Attempt to achieve healthy living can cause misery can lead to mental health issues
• Dominates all aspects of life so misery could affect relationships/work
• Depends how ‘obsession’ and ‘healthy living’ are defined
• Being overweight and unfit could cause misery. Eating more healthily
and taking moderate exercise could change this. A degree of
‘obsession’ might be needed to encourage a continuous routine
• Obsession can be linked to personality, attitude and insecurities
• Danger of skewed media coverage of health issues and influence of
‘expert’ advice

How desirable is it that people have the freedom to follow any trend or fashion they want?

Points for how desirable it is for people to have the freedom to follow any trend or fashion.

• Clothes, music, hairstyles, art etc. (any fashion or trend is acceptable)
Freedom of self-expression
• Experimenting with identity
• Experimenting with rebellion
• Sense of belonging to a group
• Peer pressure, especially when young
• The young could see it as independence
• As long as it is legal/free choice
• Could be short-lived (fashions change/develop)
• Not important in the context of other freedoms

The growing demand for air travel puts pressure on our environment. How should we respond to this?

Is it true that Growing demand for air travel puts pressure on our environment

• Escalation of air travel over the last 30 years (airports have to expand to
keep up with demand)
• Budget airlines and flying incentive schemes
• Almost global coverage by air
Emissions of carbon dioxide, heat and other particulates from aircraft
have increased in recent years

Environmental pollution at ground level around airports is more
concentrated due to associated transport networks
• Contributes to enhanced global warming
• Latest aircraft are fitted with more environmentally friendly engines
• Major resistance to airport expansion
• Perhaps we should embrace the fact that the world is accessible to
everyone
• Allows tourism/economic development in low-income countries
• Airports are often built in remote areas
• Growing demand for air travel also leads to the creation of jobs
• Response to the statement should show balance but also make an
assessment of ‘how we should respond’, after weighing up all the
arguments.

‘Earnings should reflect the status and usefulness of jobs.’ Discuss.

Is it true that earnings should reflect the status and usefulness of jobs

• Reflects training and education
• Degree of responsibility
• Earnings have to attract appropriately qualified people
• Earnings as a motivator
• How is ‘useful’ defined?
• Supply and demand (scarce tradesmen can become high status and
can demand high earnings hence more useful)
Diverse vacancies need to be filled and could be considered as of equal
value
• Depends on the traditions, philosophies and regimes of a country
(should a doctor get paid the same as a cleaner as both jobs could be
seen as having equal usefulness)
• High-status jobs (university lecturer) can be relatively low paid as
status/job satisfaction are reward enough
• Where does this place bankers/stockbrokers/bureaucrats?
• Do status and usefulness of jobs go together?

How relevant are the performing arts in education today?

Points for whether performing arts in education are relevant

• Could be seen as expendable when cuts have to be made
Might have a natural appeal to young children
• Could be argued that other subjects are more important
• Short-sighted view of the Arts particularly in a post-industrial age
• Various career possibilities can be linked to education in the
performing arts
• Confidence in so-called core subjects can be increased through the arts
• The need to maintain cultural traditions
• Therapeutic aspects of a performing arts education
• Encouragement of teamwork
• Some feel that they do not have a natural disposition for performing
arts