Today, health warnings are everywhere: on cigarettes, alcohol and even food. How effective are such warnings?

Points for and against health warnings are everywhere and their effectiveness.

• The authorities have a statutory duty to inform the public about dangers to health
• It is the responsibility of professionals to alert both the public and government; scientists, researchers and so on
• Irrespective of GDP and profit multinationals have a duty of care
• Dramatic decrease in smoking at least in the developed world
Growing public concern about sugar intake
• Target groups need to be identified and where addressed effectively things have improved.
• Pregnant women and mothers are more aware
• Why are health warnings not so effective in some places?
• Pricing is more important than anything else
• Danger of people becoming immune to horrific depictions of consequences of addiction
• Resentment of the “nanny state”
• Better to address root causes; stress, poverty etc.
• Confusion as to what is good or bad
• Alternative strategies; use of role models, promotion of sport and exercise, self-help groups, making therapeutic intervention widely available at no cost

‘How and where we live is as important for our well-being as the genes we were born with.’ Discuss.

Points for how and where we live is as important for our well-being as the genes we were born with

Various genetic claims
• Gene variants, alleles, affect hair colour and certain disease states
• Height – genetic but also environmental
• The role of birth order
• Grandparents’ experiences can be passed on to later generations – e.g. the experience of hunger
• Genetically innate potential is not always realised … why?
• The obvious danger of “labelling”
• The treatment of those suffering from mental illness may be improved with more understanding of genes
• Questions surrounding personal responsibility and genetic disposition
• The debate around obesity
• The importance of nurture/environmental influences as well as nature
• What the future might hold … e.g. gene adjustment and physical traits
• Understanding of the prenatal environment
• Tackling the various forms of social injustice of how and where we live is at least as important as genetic research

‘The photograph rarely tells the whole truth’. Discuss.

Points for against the photograph rarely tells the whole truth

• Can capture a moment of truth
• Can be spontaneous (holidays/events/visits)
• Depends whether a natural or artificial pose
• Cameras can distort (zoom/select/lighting/background)
Truth as an art form
• Modern technology can edit/enhance/airbrush
• Depends on the function/purpose
• Mobile cameras can capture real situations (protest/war/suffering)

“The classroom is the only place for education”. Discuss.

Points for and against the claim that the classroom is the only place for education.

The classroom environment is desirable both economically and socially
• The classroom is the only place for education because it can encourage co-operative learning
• Specialist knowledge can be made available to many
• Expensive technology can be shared
• Offers an environment that values and encourages education
• Provides a space that promotes respect for diversity
• Homeschooling can have positive and negative effects
• Distance learning can benefit the individual learner
• Parents are the key educators
• The classroom limits freedom and exploration
• It can be a diminishing experience for some
• Teaching and learning knows no boundaries

There are many opinions regarding the environment and how we should treat it. Explain what would be the most effective environmental initiative that could be taken.

Points for environmental initiative that could be taken

• More can be done, particularly in developing countries, for example: animal hygiene (the cause of recent pandemics.)
• Pandemic preparedness has made good progress in recent years thanks to partnerships at regional and global levels which keep early warning communication channels open. Thus authorities in different parts of the world can heed warnings on possible causes for concern.
• Environmental initiative that could be taken are that Pharmaceutical companies are geared up to finding speedy answers to various viruses, albeit at a considerable cost which may not be affordable to developing countries.
• Efforts at the national level to meet health crises will vary because of awareness, organisation and financial clout and should be closely geared to international monitoring.

What do you understand by the rule of law? Consider how it might be applied in the modern world.

How can the rule of law might be applied in the modern world.

• A definition is required
• Democracies and the rule of law
• United Nations and human rights
• Law and religious belief
International courts
• Protest and representatives of the law
• The fairness or otherwise of individual laws
• The limits of legislation
• Situations that call into question the legitimacy of legal systems or individual laws
• Dictatorship and the law
• Forms of codification

Many of the world’s languages face extinction. Is it important to document and revive them?

Points for many of the world’s languages face extinction.

For historical reasons to prevent loss of heritage
• world’s languages face extinction because oral history can easily be forgotten
• Helps us to evaluate how languages work, not, for example, ‘I am
reading’ but ‘I sit reading’ or ‘I stand reading’
Education entirely in a dominant language makes it difficult for
speakers of indigenous languages to become literate
• Dual naming develops respect and awareness
• Uniqueness – endangered languages promote community cohesion
• They reflect attitudes to the social and natural worlds
• They are the storehouse of a community’s cultural, intellectual, and
artistic life
• Loss of languages affects us all – we lose ways of seeing the world
• Making physical records is maybe all that linguists can do

Assess whether traditional stories, with which you are familiar, have any relevance to the modern world.

Points for assessing whether traditional stories have any relevance to the modern world.

• Most traditional stories have universal themes (good v evil, heroism, deception and betrayal, identity) which are relevant today
• Need to adapt character/setting to a modern setting
• Can the cultural context be maintained? (cultures do develop and change)
Makes them accessible to new audiences
• How do you update the social/historic context?
• Identify the subtle/moral teachings within the story
• Updating could lose the folklore tone/atmosphere
• Often the setting remains traditional but the language is modernised or becomes a pantomime (traditional)/a musical
• As in oral traditions modernising can keep the story alive/in the modern consciousness

Sculpture and statues were highly regarded in the ancient world. How important are these art forms today?

Are Sculpture and statues highly regarded today?

• Sculpture an ancient art form still practised today
• Statuary and significant figures from the past
• Objects of timeless beauty
• Attractions, sometimes controversial, in our public spaces
• Statues and sport – outside stadiums, for example
• Carvings and sculptures across cultures can be remarkably similar
Educational benefits
• For the ancients they were part of everyday life – why not today?
• Their defacement or destruction diminishes us all
• Today we can venerate the artistry both past and present
• Compare to digital art and new media

To what extent do the clothes we wear express our personality?

Points for and against the claim that clothes we wear express our personality

• Fashion and image
• Cultural identity
• Extrovert/introvert
• Some can easily be forgotten
Clothes create meaning for us
• They can act as memory prompts
Gender differences
• Clothes and class
• Objects of beauty and part of our quotidian experience
• Utilitarian functions and social expectation