‘Totalitarianism and religion share one important feature: indoctrination.’ To what extent would you agree?

Possible points for/against totalitarianism and religion share the feature of indoctrination.

Totalitarianism needs to be defined (proximity to authoritarianism still a matter of dispute).
• Political indoctrinatiohttps://www.opendemocracy.net/en/countering-radical-right/totalitarianism-twentieth-century-and-beyond/n in the sense that all aspects of citizens’ lives are subordinate to the authority of the state.
• Examples of the above, e.g. USSR, Nazi Germany, Communist China.
• Extremist religions can indoctrinate but while most religions attempt to build their power and influence, this process is mainly persuasion rather than indoctrination and people are free, not compelled to participate if they so wish.

In a technological society, do libraries still have a role to play?

Libraries have always played an important role in society by disseminating knowledge and information. However, the advent of technology has made it possible for people to use a digital library of their own. With such technological advancements like ebooks, online research papers and digital encyclopaedias people have started to question the relevance of the library. While some believe that the library has no relevance in technologically advanced society today, there are others who believe that libraries are still needed as safe haven for knowledge and information. Libraries still have a role to play in society and act as a physical reservoir of knowledge and community builder.


Critics believe that libraries have lost their significance in society. They argue that in the day and age of the internet where information is available at our fingertips, libraries have already become obsolete. With high-speed internet and various knowledge repositories online, people rarely visit the library to seek information. The critics further cite that books in libraries can be old, torn and published in tiny illegible fonts. Leaning on every possibility, these modern-day curmudgeons suggest that books are bad for the environment as there is a large carbon footprint associated with their production and maintenance. eBooks and digital content, on the other hand, provide people with the convenience to adjust the font size and increase brightness leading to an optimal reading experience. Technological advancements have allowed people from different countries to access content from any part of the world. This accessibility is rare to find in libraries, where people might have to travel to different libraries to seek the information they need. As such many critics believe that the library does not have any role left to play in society.

The reality, however, is that the internet with all its benefits also comes with flaws. The myriad of information that the internet provides is not always accurate. On the other hand, libraries have played an instrumental role in providing access to huge resources of information and knowledge that are accurate. Many of the works in the libraries are published by renowned authors whose work goes through quality checks before being published. The public library forms an essential part of fostering an educated and literate population. Libraries provide reliable sources of information instead of the internet which can be considered wild west in terms of accuracy. This is because information curated and provided can be from anyone. For example, popular website Wikipedia that is accessible to all which also gives the ability for anyone, anywhere, to edit Wikipedia entries making it unreliable and flawed. Therefore, even in a technologically advanced society, where reading and seeking information has changed, libraries play an important role in providing spaces to reliable information.

Libraries also have a role in bringing communities together. Apart from playing the role of book repositories libraries are critical to bringing closer communities in society. Libraries provide a space for communities to interact and engage with each other. Through their community programs, direct librarian assistance and basic internet access, libraries provide equal opportunities to access information and decrease the digital divide. Libraries are community hubs today where people of different ages and classes can be catered to. Whether it is a family looking for a fun storytime or an immigrant in need of language resources libraries fulfil people’s need to learn together. For example, the National Library in Singapore in an effort to strengthen the command of mother tongues has set up several mother tongue language reading clubs for children in libraries across the island. Thus, libraries play an important role in bringing communities together and thus are important in our technological society.

Libraries also give people the opportunity to experience something tangible. Not all people are comfortable reading books on devices like Kindle, Ipads or smartphones. There are many readers who need the experience of holding a book in their hand and flipping through the pages. The library fulfils this very need of the people by providing them something tangible. This is especially true in cases where people are interested in reading classics like Shakespeare or Hemingway, which feel more authentic on paper than on screen. Furthermore, libraries allow access to old newspaper articles and other resources which cannot be found on the internet. Thus, the library holds a different kind of aura which can transport people to another era through access to different types of resources which simply cannot be found today.


It is clear to see that libraries have an important role to play even in today’s society. Libraries provide people with resources and bridge the knowledge divide. Libraries are not only instrumental as reservoirs of knowledge but are also essential in bringing communities together. Libraries cannot be replaced in society as it still holds a special place in people’s hearts and minds.

To what extent do women enjoy equal rights in your society?

Possible points for do women enjoy equal rights in your society

• Is the society male-dominated?
• Are male children preferred to female children?
• Do females enjoy the same educational opportunities as males?
• Are women free to take appropriate jobs?
• Any evidence of ‘glass ceilings in the workplace?
• Are women in the relevant society respected and valued?
• Any aspects of life/society closed to women?

“Studying overseas is an over-rated experience.” What is your opinion?

Heading abroad for education is a stimulating prospect for the mass. There are inadequate vacancies for competent students in their local varsities so numerous bourgeois class or high-income families have sent their progenies overseas to learn. Students armed with the prerequisites and budgetary means, by and large, will seek a foreign studying experience for all-embracing maturity. In due course, prestige became affiliated with overseas education. However, the experience is perchance over-rated since it in all likelihood will bring about several disadvantages due to the predicaments a student inescapably face residing and studying in a diverse culture. Evaluating the pros against the cons, studying overseas is not utterly an over-rated experience although it is also specious to perceive it as entirely beneficial.

            The core merits of studying abroad are academic ones. Overseas education proposes scores of specialized institutions for international students to major in specific courses given that education in certain fields is of a superior standard in some other states. These colleges commonly profit from cutting edge teaching facilities and supplementary resources. Moreover, their mentors have senior professional standards, and they thoroughly comprehend the latest developments in their academic spheres. For instance, “The Times” listed Harvard University and University of Cambridge among the globe’s five leading colleges in its Higher – QS World University Rankings 2008. The former and latter were, in that order, first and second in the league table of top universities. Harvard lays claim to pre-eminent life sciences and biomedicine faculty, as well as 3561 international students in 2009. Due to the high academic calibre, the degrees attained by international students are typically credible wherever worldwide. Hence, learning abroad does not assess to be an exceedingly over-praised experience.

            Nevertheless, foreign education is funded by affluence so only the scarce minority can meet the expenses of it. Students who lead parsimonious routines may neglect their academics since they may have to support themselves by labouring part-time. In addition to plausible challenges of adapting to a dissimilar society, the students may become homesick therefore vulnerable to adverse influences from peers. This can be overcome with the extensively available technologies in the modern world such as Skype and video conferences. As a result, frequent communication with their families would alleviate lonesomeness, thwarting consequential detrimental repercussions. Generally, such drawbacks are repeatedly trivialized, thus studying overseas aggregates to an over-rated experience.

            Furthermore, when large numbers of native students decide on studying overseas, it may lead to a higher rate of emigration. This culminates in a “brain drain” effect and a country would fail to hold fast onto worthwhile human capital which is crucial to all economies. Although the above chain of events could be vastly valid, there are countless students who have notable accomplishments in foreign institutions and returned to serve their motherland. The intellectual skills and cross-cultural familiarity of homecoming students are instrumental to local economic development. Therefore, the worth of a foreign education experience is not exaggerated.

Besides significant academic advantages, students benefit massively from cross-cultural exposure. They are in a surpassing position to improve their foreign languages since they are immersed in external cultures which demand perpetual application of foreign languages. Furthermore, studying abroad fast-tracks novel stances as well as composes more perspectives to issues in multifarious frames of mind. Students become more comfortable coming to grips with labyrinthine plights and nurture the capacity to muddle through ambiguous details hence developing amenability. Overseas students mainly attend western schools which tend to yield more holistic students as the students are expected to express and verbalize, and form independent brainwork. Thus studying overseas is an enriching and prime experience.

Overseas education is more often than not a high-priced activity and its merits are usually non-quantifiable in the monetary sense, apart from career opportunities and remuneration. Since there is no elementary system to juxtapose tangible costs against impalpable benefits in the long run, studying overseas is not an over-rated experience on the condition that the students intensely hanker after it. I consider that the bulk of students would appreciate and reap boon from an overseas education supposing their financial statuses entitle.

How far is public transport reliable and affordable in your country?

Possible points for/against is public transport reliable and affordable

• Road and rail links. Is the infrastructure good and conducive to swift and safe journeys across the country and in urban areas?
• Who is the provider of public transport?
• Are the costs bearable for the average citizen?
• What kind of vehicles are used? Standards of cleanliness and safety?
• Is there a timetable and is it adhered to?
• What, if any, are the shortcomings and what improvements are feasible?

‘Carbon emission controls hamper the progress of developing countries.’ How far do you agree?

Possible Points for the claim that carbon emission controls hamper the progress of developing countries.

• It has been generally accepted that industrialisation promotes climate change bad health by overloading the air with carbon.
• The developed countries want developing countries to adhere to minimum carbon emissions which will impede their rate of progress and thus their prosperity.
• Developing countries see this as unfair and a hindrance on their path to industrialisation.
• Recently, some scientists have questioned that high levels of carbon in the air is a problem.

Why is fast food popular when it is generally considered to be unhealthy?

Possible Points for/against why is fast food popular when it is considered unhealthy

• The other name of junk food is a measure of its perceived lack of healthy content.
• Condemned by many nutrition experts and doctors for being extremely calorific.
Marketing strategy targets children (parties and free toys) and people in a hurry.
• It is readily available and the taste appeals to many and is always virtually the same everywhere.
• Opening hours run from first thing in the morning until late at night.
• No waiting and competitively priced.

In a world of instant communication, is travel for business purposes of any real use?

Possible Points for and against is travel for business purposes of any real use

Business purposes include a wide variety of activities.
• Instant communication by telephone, email and video conferencing are important for getting and staying in touch regarding day to day issues without wasting time.
• Other ‘business’ activities require a personal and specialist presence, e.g. choosing a site for a business venture, assessing damage to buildings or equipment, facilitating protracted negotiations through trust arising from social interaction, interviewing candidates for top jobs and the testing and trialling of all kinds of engineering products.
• Instant communication is a welcome tool as a complement to necessary travel for business purposes.

‘A world without censorship is a delightful idea but a dreadful reality’. Discuss.

Censorship is the process of examining and suppressing unnecessary parts. This can be adopted by anyone in society. In modern society, censorship is debated about its benefit and its disadvantages. In addition, some critics perceived that freedom of speech and free flow of ideas are compromised due to censorship. However, I strongly disagree. Censorship can prevent people from mimicking dangerous acts. Also, censorship can maintain racial stability in a country. Most importantly, censorship can filter the right information to be released for the public. Hence, without censorship, the world would be very dreadful.

Some critics state that information disseminated by the government to the public is limited and is an act of controlling the people. Information such as policies that government wants to implement is not released. Similarly, the agenda and motive behind every government policies are not explicitly explained and are not fully disseminated to the public. Hence the public does not understand society well enough. In North Korea, the information about its nuclear power and its usage is not explicitly explained to the public. This results in the public being afraid of the presence of nuclear power. Similarly, foreign countries are afraid to approach North Korea or maybe suspicious about North Korea’s motive behind such a move. This might result in a war aroused by suspicion. Hence, censorship is deemed detrimental and should be removed. However, some level of a world with censorship is still necessary so that the government can function properly as if all information about the government is given to the citizens, it might be pre-mature and unjustified which makes governing a country more difficult.

In reality, censorship is important in filtering out unnecessary information and provides the right information to the public. The term “right” may be a point of contention as it is not a perceived view of the government which fits their political motive. The term “right” means that the form of information disseminated to the public is justified and real. For example, in the context of a recent earthquake in Fukushima, the death toll mentions by the media has many variations with some saying a death toll of 20,000 in the region. This unsettles people and breaks the optimism of the people. Hence, in this sort of media coverage, the government could prevent the death toll and the disaster situation to be released till everything is confirmed. This will then bring ease to people’s mind. Hence, a world without censorship will be dreadful.

Some critics state that freedom of speech and expressions are compromised when there is censorship. Freedom of speech and expressions are parts of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. They are seen as we can convey our messages more freely either in a speech or an expression of art. However, censorship limits these freedoms. Through censorship, freedom of speech is limited especially if it touches on racial issues, political uprising issues and other sensitive issues. It is deemed as an invasion into other forms of rights. Hence, one could speak or express as freely as he pleases as long as he does not make any sensitive remark. However, people find the boundaries too restrictive. For example, the issue on the Jyllands-Posten Muhammad cartoons controversy. The artist of the cartoons, even though is being charged, still strongly believes that his drawings are solely to criticise about self-censorship. It is seen as ridiculous to him for being framed for drawing a false picture of Prophet Muhammad when the Islamic people do not know his real appearance. Hence, his freedom of speech and expressions are compromised. However, it is seen as dangerous to the borders of Denmark and Countries like Indonesia and Saudi Arabia. Racism caused by the Jyllands-Posten newspaper has escalated a level and caused protests across the Muslim world. It exacerbated the situation further when some of these conflicts turned into violence with instances of firing on crowds of protestors. It is therefore important in compromising freedom of speech and expressions to a safety level.

Not only does censorship provide the people with the right information, censorship is also essential in maintaining racial and religious harmony all over the world. Censorship can remove any racial or religious discrimination remark or detains any individual who made such a remark. A closer look at home, during a service in a particular church in Singapore, Pastor Rony Tan was making his speech and within his speech, he criticised Buddhism which angered the Buddhist populace. Without censorship, such issues which involved freedom of speech might cause a religious conflict in Singapore. However, there are some forms of censorship in Singapore. The day after Pastor Rony Tan made his speech; the Internal Security Department of Singapore tracked him down and persuaded him to make a public apology. This shows that censorship can prevent racial and religious issues from getting out of hand. It filters out what people should and could say so that no particular race or religion is hurt in the process. If censorship were to be removed, chaos might break loose. Hence, in addition to providing the right information, censorship is important in upholding racial and religious stability. Most importantly, censorship can prevent a dreadful reality such as cross-borders racial conflict or racial riots. Hence, it is imperative for a country to have censorship.

Some people state that censorship prevents the free flow of ideas. Ideas and information may undergo some sort of manipulation before publishing and releasing it to the public. Eliminating offensive remarks and unnecessary information are also parts of the censorship of ideas. An example to illustrate this will be the Saudi Arabia Internet Censorship. The internet censorship in Saudi Arabia is relatively tight. The Communication and Information technology Commission (CITC) established a new service for an internet user to request to block or unblock a website. In this case, it can filter unnecessary and bad information. This will only enable the free flow of good and inspiring ideas instead. Some may argue that censorship, in this case, will stifle connectivity and prevent the transfer of ideas. It prevents sharing of knowledge and technology know-how if censorship is imposed to block certain website. Hence, censorship ceases the exchange of ideas. However, censorship can filter and provide people with the knowledge that is beneficial to society and to them. For example, Operation Pangea III which shuts down website selling unregulated slimming pills. This form of censorship protects people from harmful information. So, a world without censorship can be dreadful.

Censorship is important in protecting people from mimicking dangerous acts done by professionals or restricts any forms of media which could affect the people negatively. In the context of Australia, the famous “crocodile hunter”, Steve Irwin, was a role model to many people out there who seek adventures. In 2006, when he was filming a show about the coral reef, he was pierced through the heart by a stingray. Months later, Steve Irwin “copycats” made trips to the coral reef ocean to complete his expedition. This results in an 81-years-old man being in critical condition after being attacked by stingrays. Also, before Steve Irwin’s death, due to his popularity of being a crocodile hunter, copycats begin to copy him by approaching a crocodile in the wild which results in severe injury. This shows that if censorship is not in place, people will be misled into believing that Steve Irwin’s acts are normal and harmless. This might lead to severe injury and even death. After all, censorship is important to protect the people with the safety of knowledge and information. Hence, it is imperative to uphold censorship in the country to prevent a dreadful reality.

In conclusion, it is a common error among laments to believe that censorship is absolutely detrimental. However, censorship may really be good sometimes. In order to ascertain the viability of censorship, we have to examine the purpose behind the use of censorship. An example closer to ourselves will be we will self-censor. Despite the feeling of disgust, dissatisfaction and discouragement, we often do not explicitly show our despair or hatred. We are aware of the consequence of such actions and hence, we often self-censor. Hence, it will be superfluous to say that a world without censorship is a delightful idea. Therefore, censorship is very important in preventing any dreadful consequence of social instability and the transfer of inaccurate information.

‘No more can be done, nationally and internationally, to control pandemics.’ To what extent would you agree?

Possible points for and against no more can be done, nationally and internationally, to control pandemics.

More can be done, particularly in developing countries, re: animal hygiene (the cause of recent pandemics).
• Pandemic preparedness has made good progress in recent years thanks to partnerships at regional and global levels which keep early warning communication channels open. Thus authorities in different parts of the world can heed warnings on possible causes for concern.
• Pharmaceutical companies are geared up to finding speedy answers to various viruses, albeit at a considerable cost which may not be affordable to developing countries.
• Efforts at the national level to meet health crises and control pandemics will vary because of awareness, organisation and financial clout and should be closely geared to international monitoring.