‘The way we choose to furnish and decorate our homes reflects who we are.’ How true is this statement?

Points for/against the way we choose to furnish and decorate our homes reflect who we are

• Suggests interests abroad/travel (Italian furniture/traditional carvings/tropical plants)
• Religion/culture
• the way we choose to furnish and decorate our homes suggests wealth/superiority
• Eccentric/quirky
• Artistic/creative
• Reading/learning
• Where we live (climate)
• Conscious of the environment (eco-friendly materials)
• Taste/personality/attitude/materialism etc.
• Could just reflect budget/poverty/lack of interest
• Pragmatism
• Rented, already furnished/decorated room, which cannot be changed
Environment (house on stilts)
• Energy saving (solar panels)

Technology has worsened conflict in society. Do you agree?

Is it fair to say that technology has only  worsened conflict In society?

Modern day Luddities have decried the overgrowth of technology in our lives, claiming that it has worsened our lives. These same neo-technophobes use handphones to communicate, use social media to gain attention and even take comfort in doctors giving them the all clear. These fatalists constantly misread technology and believe that sociopolitical tensions emanate from technology. Nothing can be further than the truth. Technology has not worsened conflict in society.

Anyone that claims that technology has exacerbated the potential for war really does not understand global politics. They cite Mutually Assured Destruction (M.A.D) as Cold-War relic that still has significance today.  Or these doomsday proponents will raise Ronald Reagan’s Strategic Defence Initiative (S.D.I) as an additional example to bolster their weak M.A.D argument. Little do they realize that technology has infact reduced the need for destructive weapons. With military powers gaining technological advances, they have been able to map and track every pontial trouble and threat with satellites, sophisticated eavesdropping devices and surveillance. Now everyone knows what everyone else is doing. The recent war between Armenia and Azerbaijan proved that technology could reduce conflict and collateral damage.

Ignorant science fiction readers constantly get their kickers in a knot when artificial intelligence (AI) is mentioned. Instead of being happy at the progress of technology, they highlight how Boston Dynamics has produced a series of robots that will bring the end of mankind. Such people understand little about economics and productivity. One would go so far as to say that the reruns of Terminator have corrupted their mind to the extent that no logic can work on them. AI’s use is most effective in crunching large data and producing meta-analysis that can be useful. The use of AI in smart decision making, managing repetitive tasks, solving complex problems and enhancing medical science is set-aside and disregarded over science fiction that makes no economic sense.

Technology has provided underprivileged communities with tools needed to  combat systemic  inequalities. One  might  further  argue that  while minorities have historically, always, and inevitably  been underprivileged groups susceptible to  the  prejudices and  discrimination, with today’s technology many groups have become more empowered. These represent an entirely  new set of tools  with which underprivileged groups can finally effectively  contest their  marginalisation.  Social  media,  online learning, and online activism have enabled minority groups to bring attention to their plight, although it might not be significant in bringing immediate change. To say that technology has brought conflict is unfounded. Technology only worsens conflict  because it is unbridled and unregulated, without a strict ethical code  of application and laws  to  prevent its  misuse.  So  long  as  technology and  innovation are coupled with an  effective,  extensive and  comprehensive set  of laws and regulations, its negative impact  can be minimised while the  myriad  of positives it brings  are fully explored and  enjoyed.

There is no doubt that technological development has been  almost  single-handedly  responsible  for  the   astonishing improvement in global  standards of living as witnessed in the  past  three centuries. In itself,  this  has  reduced the  potential for  conflict,  because outright war is disincentivised in a time of material comfort that  risks ruination were  conflict  and  disruption to  arise.  Technology has not worsened conflict.

Assess the value of a musical education in your country.

Points for the value of a musical education in your country.

• Your country must be the focus
• Both formal and informal education may be considered
• The extra-curricular as well as curricular
• Examples of musical experiences in school and elsewhere
• Such an education may be undervalued
• It may be argued that it should not be a priority
The benefits of a musical education
• Increased concentration, for example, Mozart and cognitive flexibility
• Therapeutic benefits
• The ability to play an instrument at whatever level has benefits
• Do not interpret ‘value’ literally

Today, health warnings are everywhere: on cigarettes, alcohol and even food. How effective are such warnings?

Points for and against health warnings are everywhere and their effectiveness.

• The authorities have a statutory duty to inform the public about dangers to health
• It is the responsibility of professionals to alert both the public and government; scientists, researchers and so on
• Irrespective of GDP and profit multinationals have a duty of care
• Dramatic decrease in smoking at least in the developed world
Growing public concern about sugar intake
• Target groups need to be identified and where addressed effectively things have improved.
• Pregnant women and mothers are more aware
• Why are health warnings not so effective in some places?
• Pricing is more important than anything else
• Danger of people becoming immune to horrific depictions of consequences of addiction
• Resentment of the “nanny state”
• Better to address root causes; stress, poverty etc.
• Confusion as to what is good or bad
• Alternative strategies; use of role models, promotion of sport and exercise, self-help groups, making therapeutic intervention widely available at no cost

Why is it that world peace remains unattainable?

World peace remains unattainable  because lies, cover-ups, deceit and corruption stand in the way. International peace remains unattainable  because international organisations are weak and do not have strong leaders. While naysayers will highlight the fight against terrorism, and deposing authoritarian leaders as successes, these same myopic sheep forget about the 30 civil war conflicts that plague the world. They forget about the

Champions of peace suggest that the fall in the number of terrorist activities is attributed to international cooperation among various nations. The defeat of Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS) is cited as a victory.  But the reality is that organisations such as ISIS have mutated into different organisations. Where ISIS was previously only focused on Iraq and Syria, it has branched into Sudan, Nigeria and even parts of Pakistan and Bangladesh. Taking back Iraqi and Syrian towns and cities from ISIS was a major achievement, but the “physical” destruction involved did not cripple ISIS. It instead involved the destruction of the homes and businesses of ordinary people. If anything, the Iraqi government’s poor performance in restoring those homes and business has created a serious new cause of instability that aids the potential recovery of ISIS – as does the creation of new refugee and displaced populations in Syria. Crises still linger in Yemen, Myanmar, Afghanistan, Central African Republic, Ethiopia and the Southern Philippines where in-fighting continues between different factions.

In the immediate aftermath of World War II, the creation of the U.N. and the European project were the most imaginative attempts to banish war without trying for the utopia—or perhaps dystopia—of world government: They aimed at reconciling the welcome diversity of states with the need for a robust transnational system of laws that regulates their relations. Today, both are in crisis: The U.N. has proven incapable of reforming its security council, and the European project, whose example and appeal helped stabilise western Europe, is unable to transform its environment and deal effectively with issues including a Middle East in turmoil and a nationalist Russia. Today there are around 100,000 personnel from over 100 countries serving in 18 UN peace operations around the world, at an annual cost of five billion dollars.

With aggressive posturing in South China Sea by China, clashes between India and China on their mountainous borders, is it any wonder that peace is illusive? Russia’s dominance in the artic, as well as it political meddling in Ukraine, Belarus and Georgia, has created tensions in another political theatre.  With the remaining members of the U.N. security council monkeying around to flex their own political whims, the chaos that needs to be quelled is engineered and instigated by the same countries that are tasked to protect the rest of the world. For international peace to be attained, archaic systems must change. Is it any wonder that world peace is unattainable?

‘How and where we live is as important for our well-being as the genes we were born with.’ Discuss.

Points for how and where we live is as important for our well-being as the genes we were born with

Various genetic claims
• Gene variants, alleles, affect hair colour and certain disease states
• Height – genetic but also environmental
• The role of birth order
• Grandparents’ experiences can be passed on to later generations – e.g. the experience of hunger
• Genetically innate potential is not always realised … why?
• The obvious danger of “labelling”
• The treatment of those suffering from mental illness may be improved with more understanding of genes
• Questions surrounding personal responsibility and genetic disposition
• The debate around obesity
• The importance of nurture/environmental influences as well as nature
• What the future might hold … e.g. gene adjustment and physical traits
• Understanding of the prenatal environment
• Tackling the various forms of social injustice of how and where we live is at least as important as genetic research

‘The photograph rarely tells the whole truth’. Discuss.

Points for against the photograph rarely tells the whole truth

• Can capture a moment of truth
• Can be spontaneous (holidays/events/visits)
• Depends whether a natural or artificial pose
• Cameras can distort (zoom/select/lighting/background)
Truth as an art form
• Modern technology can edit/enhance/airbrush
• Depends on the function/purpose
• Mobile cameras can capture real situations (protest/war/suffering)

“The classroom is the only place for education”. Discuss.

Points for and against the claim that the classroom is the only place for education.

The classroom environment is desirable both economically and socially
• The classroom is the only place for education because it can encourage co-operative learning
• Specialist knowledge can be made available to many
• Expensive technology can be shared
• Offers an environment that values and encourages education
• Provides a space that promotes respect for diversity
• Homeschooling can have positive and negative effects
• Distance learning can benefit the individual learner
• Parents are the key educators
• The classroom limits freedom and exploration
• It can be a diminishing experience for some
• Teaching and learning knows no boundaries

There are many opinions regarding the environment and how we should treat it. Explain what would be the most effective environmental initiative that could be taken.

Points for environmental initiative that could be taken

• More can be done, particularly in developing countries, for example: animal hygiene (the cause of recent pandemics.)
• Pandemic preparedness has made good progress in recent years thanks to partnerships at regional and global levels which keep early warning communication channels open. Thus authorities in different parts of the world can heed warnings on possible causes for concern.
• Environmental initiative that could be taken are that Pharmaceutical companies are geared up to finding speedy answers to various viruses, albeit at a considerable cost which may not be affordable to developing countries.
• Efforts at the national level to meet health crises will vary because of awareness, organisation and financial clout and should be closely geared to international monitoring.

What do you understand by the rule of law? Consider how it might be applied in the modern world.

How can the rule of law might be applied in the modern world.

• A definition is required
• Democracies and the rule of law
• United Nations and human rights
• Law and religious belief
International courts
• Protest and representatives of the law
• The fairness or otherwise of individual laws
• The limits of legislation
• Situations that call into question the legitimacy of legal systems or individual laws
• Dictatorship and the law
• Forms of codification