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Poverty is the greatest enemy of the environment. Is this true?

Poverty can significantly impact the environment by driving unsustainable practices, but it is not the sole or greatest factor.

Poverty can significantly impact the environment by driving unsustainable practices, but it is not the sole or greatest factor. Other elements, such as industrial activities and policy failures, also play critical roles.

I. Introduction

Hook: Poverty plunges the environment and ecosystem into dispair and destruction. Critics opine that poverty can significantly impact the environment.
Background: Overview of factors affecting the environment, defining modern living and its typical impacts.
Thesis Statement: Poverty significantly impacts the environment, but industrial activities and policy failures are also crucial contributors.

II. Supporting View 1: Poverty Drives Unsustainable Practices

Topic Sentence: Poverty can significantly impact the environment, as poverty is a key factor driving unsustainable environmental practices.
Example 1: Deforestation in Madagascar (2020) due to slash-and-burn agriculture for survival. Poor farmers clear forests for farmland, leading to habitat loss (source: Reuters, 2020).
Example 2: Overfishing in Ghana (2019) as impoverished communities rely on fishing for income. Depleted fish stocks harm marine ecosystems (source: BBC, 2019).
Example 3: Charcoal production in Kenya (2021) due to lack of affordable energy sources. Deforestation and soil erosion result from extensive charcoal burning (source: Al Jazeera, 2021).
Analysis: Poverty forces communities into practices that degrade the environment.
Counterargument: Economic development can mitigate these practices by providing alternatives. Countries like Kenya and Ghana are making progress towards eliminating practices that impact the environment.

III. Supporting View 2: Lack of Resources for Sustainable Alternatives

Topic Sentence: Poverty can significantly impact the environment as poverty limits access to sustainable alternatives, exacerbating environmental damage.
Example 1: India’s dependence on biomass for cooking (2019) due to poverty. Indoor air pollution and deforestation from using wood and dung (source: The Hindu, 2019).
Example 2: Indonesia’s illegal logging (2021) driven by economic hardship. Forests are cleared for timber and agriculture to support livelihoods (source: BBC, 2021). [Countries still cutting down trees].
Example 3: Waste management issues in Nigeria (2020) due to lack of infrastructure. Poor waste disposal practices lead to pollution and health hazards (source: The Guardian, 2020).
Analysis: Economic constraints hinder the adoption of environmentally friendly practices.
Counterargument: Governments and NGOs are working to provide cleaner alternatives. There are many NGOs that have sprouted to help the cause.

IV. Supporting View 3: Immediate Survival Needs Over Long-term Conservation

Topic Sentence: Poverty can significantly impact the environment as poverty prioritises immediate survival over long-term environmental conservation.
Example 1: Subsistence farming in Nepal (2019) leads to soil degradation and deforestation. Farmers clear land to grow food, impacting biodiversity (source: Reuters, 2019).
Example 2: Poaching in Zimbabwe (2020) driven by economic desperation. Endangered species are hunted for income, threatening biodiversity (source: BBC, 2020).
Example 3: Pollution from informal settlements in South Africa (2021) due to lack of sanitation. Waste and pollution increase with unplanned urban growth (source: Al Jazeera, 2021).
Analysis: The focus on immediate needs overshadows environmental conservation efforts.
Counterargument: Sustainable farming initiatives are being introduced to mitigate this impact.

V. Opposing View 1: Industrial Activities as the Main Factor

Topic Sentence: Industrial activities are the main factor responsible for environmental degradation, not poverty.
Example 1: China’s industrial pollution (2019) despite economic growth. Factories contribute significantly to air and water pollution (source: various).
Example 2: Brazil’s Amazon deforestation (2020) driven by agribusiness. Large-scale farming and logging by corporations (source: Reuters, 2020) even if deforestation has slowed down significantly (BBC, 2024) the impact is significant (check out ‘Tipping Point’ by Time Magazine).
Example 3: Oil spills in Nigeria (2021) caused by multinational companies. Environmental damage from oil extraction and spills (source: BBC, 2021).
Analysis: Industrial activities cause extensive environmental harm, often more than poverty-driven practices.
Case Study: Include specific pollution statistics from major industrial cities.

VI. Opposing View 2: Policy Failures as a Key Factor

Topic Sentence: Policy failures are a key factor in environmental degradation.
Example 1: Deforestation in Indonesia (2020) due to weak enforcement of environmental laws. Illegal logging continues unchecked, harming ecosystems (source: The Guardian, 2020).
Example 2: Air pollution in India (2021) exacerbated by ineffective regulation. Poor enforcement of pollution controls leads to severe air quality issues (source: Reuters, 2021).
Example 3: Water pollution in Bangladesh (2019) from inadequate waste management policies. Rivers and water bodies contaminated by industrial waste (source: BBC, 2019).
Analysis: Weak policies and enforcement contribute significantly to environmental issues.
Case Study: Analyze the impact of weak policies on specific regions.

VII. Opposing View 3: Technological and Consumption Patterns

Topic Sentence: Modern consumption patterns and technological advancements are significant factors.
Example 1: Electronic waste in Ghana (2021) from global tech consumption. Imported e-waste leads to toxic pollution and health risks (source: Al Jazeera, 2021).
Example 2: Plastic pollution in the Philippines (2020) from global consumer habits. Ocean and coastal pollution from discarded plastics (source: The Guardian, 2020).
Example 3: Urban air pollution in South Korea (2019) due to high vehicle usage. Traffic emissions severely impact air quality (source: Reuters, 2019).
Analysis: Consumption and technology use in wealthier societies heavily impact the environment.
Case Study: Detail the lifecycle of electronic products and their environmental impact.

VIII. Conclusion

Restate Thesis: Poverty significantly impacts the environment, but industrial activities and policy failures are also crucial contributors.
Summary of Key Points: High consumption, energy use, urbanisation versus sustainable practices, technological innovation, policy changes.
Call to Action: Suggest specific steps individuals, governments, and organizations can take to balance modern living with environmental sustainability.
Final Thought: Addressing environmental degradation requires tackling both poverty and other significant factors.

Reading References:

World Economic Forum – AGOA 2023
“The Uninhabitable Earth: Life After Warming” by David Wallace-Wells, 2019.
“The Sixth Extinction: An Unnatural History” by Elizabeth Kolbert, 2014.
“For the Greta Thunberg in your life“.

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Affluence is as much a curse as a blessing. Discuss.

I. Introduction

Hook: Wealth is often seen as the key to happiness.
Background: Overview of the advantages and disadvantages of affluence.
Thesis Statement: Affluence brings comfort and opportunities but also leads to social isolation and environmental harm, making it both a curse and a blessing.

II. Supporting View 1: Increased Comfort and Opportunities

Topic Sentence: Affluence provides comfort and numerous opportunities.
Example 1: In 2019, Singapore’s high-income citizens enjoyed excellent healthcare and education.
Example 2: In 2021, Qatar’s wealth funded state-of-the-art infrastructure and public services.
Example 3: In 2018, Switzerland’s affluent society benefited from high living standards and security.
Analysis: These examples show how wealth can improve quality of life and provide opportunities.

III. Supporting View 2: Ability to Support Others

Topic Sentence: Affluent individuals and nations can support others in need.
Example 1: In 2020, Norway donated significant funds for global COVID-19 relief.
Example 2: In 2018, the UAE provided extensive humanitarian aid to war-torn Yemen.
Example 3: In 2021, Germany funded various international development projects.
Analysis: These instances highlight how affluence enables support for less fortunate communities.

IV. Opposing View 1: Social Isolation and Mental Health Issues

Topic Sentence: Affluence can lead to social isolation and mental health problems.
Example 1: In 2021, reports from Japan showed high rates of loneliness among wealthy individuals.
Example 2: In 2019, South Korea saw a rise in mental health issues among its affluent youth.
Example 3: In 2018, the UK reported increased depression rates in wealthy areas.
Analysis: These examples illustrate how wealth can lead to social isolation and mental health struggles.

V. Opposing View 2: Environmental Impact

Topic Sentence: Affluence contributes to significant environmental damage.
Example 1: In 2020, China’s rapid industrialisation led to severe air pollution.
Example 2: In 2019, the UAE’s high consumption rates resulted in significant waste production.
Example 3: In 2021, Australia’s affluent lifestyle contributed to large carbon footprints.
Analysis: These instances demonstrate how affluent lifestyles can harm the environment.

VI. Conclusion

Restate Thesis: Affluence brings comfort and opportunities but also leads to social isolation and environmental harm, making it both a curse and a blessing.
Summary of Key Points: Recap the main supporting and opposing views.
Final Thought: Balance the pursuit of wealth with awareness of its potential drawbacks.

Compre Practice 4

This passage, suitable for 17-18 year olds, has MCQ options to help students correlate their thinking. The passage is about the influence of television soaps.

Consider reading the following essay before attempting the comprehension exercise.

Interesting reading from the BBC on how soaps changed the world, and if soaps are in danger of extinction. Let us also investigate the allure of Korean soaps and the sympathy for K-Drama.

Is the cost of developing a national identity too high?

The cost of developing a national identity can be high due to potential social and economic conflicts. However, it is essential for unity and cultural preservation.

I. Introduction

Hook: National identity shapes a nation’s character and values.
Background: Overview of the importance and costs of developing national identity.
Thesis Statement: The cost of developing a national identity can be high due to potential social and economic conflicts. However, it is essential for unity and cultural preservation.

II. Supporting View 1: Social Conflict

Topic Sentence: Developing a national identity can lead to social conflict.
Example 1: In 2017, Catalonia’s push for independence caused severe tension in Spain.
Example 2: In 2014, Scotland’s independence referendum divided the UK.
Example 3: In 2019, the Hong Kong protests highlighted identity struggles within China.
Analysis: These examples show how efforts to develop national identity can cause social unrest and division.

III. Supporting View 2: Economic Costs

Topic Sentence: Developing a national identity can incur significant economic costs.
Example 1: In 2016, Brexit led to economic uncertainty in the UK.
Example 2: In 2018, Italy’s nationalist policies strained its economy and EU relations.
Example 3: In 2020, India’s national identity campaigns, like “Make in India,” faced economic challenges.
Analysis: These instances demonstrate how national identity efforts can lead to substantial economic costs.

IV. Opposing View 1: Unity and Social Cohesion

Topic Sentence: National identity fosters unity and social cohesion.
Example 1: In 2021, Japan’s Olympics fostered national pride and unity.
Example 2: In 2018, France’s World Cup victory boosted national morale.
Example 3: In 2017, Finland’s centenary celebrations reinforced national unity.
Analysis: These examples illustrate how a strong national identity can bring people together and foster a sense of belonging.

V. Opposing View 2: Cultural Preservation

Topic Sentence: Developing a national identity helps preserve cultural heritage.
Example 1: In 2021, South Korea promoted its cultural heritage through K-pop and K-dramas.
Example 2: In 2016, India celebrated its cultural diversity through various national initiatives.
Example 3: In 2020, Ireland’s cultural festivals reinforced its unique identity.
Analysis: These instances highlight how national identity efforts help preserve and promote cultural heritage.

VI. Conclusion

Restate Thesis: While developing a national identity can be costly due to social and economic conflicts, it is essential for unity and cultural preservation.
Summary of Key Points: Recap the main supporting and opposing views.
Final Thought: Balance efforts to foster national identity with strategies to mitigate social and economic costs.

Compre Practice 3

This passage is about how social pressure determines social behaviour.

Compre Practice 2

This comprehension practice discusses the idea of euthanasia and if it devalues human life.

The authors raise arguments for and against euthanasia. Download.

Education must encompass more than critical thinking and originality. Comment.

Technology is an effective social leveller. How far do you agree?

Examine the claim that patriotism is of little value in modern times.

While some argue that patriotism has diminished in value due to globalisation and modern challenges, others believe it remains essential for national unity and identity.

I. Introduction

Hook: Patriotism is often debated in today’s globalised world.
Background: Overview of patriotism’s role historically and in contemporary society.
Thesis Statement: While some argue that patriotism has diminished in value due to globalisation and modern challenges, others believe it remains essential for national unity and identity.

II. Supporting View 1: Globalisation Reduces Patriotism

Topic Sentence: Globalisation diminishes the value of patriotism.
Example 1: In 2016, the Brexit debate highlighted how globalisation challenges national loyalty in the UK.
Example 2: In 2020, protests in Hong Kong emphasised a struggle between local identity and global influences.
Example 3: In 2018, the Catalonia independence movement showed the conflict between regionalism and national loyalty in Spain.
Analysis: These examples show how globalisation and regional identities challenge traditional patriotism.

III. Supporting View 2: Modern Challenges Outweigh Patriotism

Topic Sentence: Modern challenges make patriotism seem less relevant.
Example 1: In 2021, climate change protests in Germany prioritised global environmental issues over national pride.
Example 2: In 2019, the refugee crisis in Europe raised questions about national borders versus humanitarian concerns.
Example 3: In 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic required global cooperation, reducing focus on national interests.
Analysis: These instances illustrate how pressing global issues can overshadow patriotic sentiments.

IV. Opposing View 1: Patriotism Promotes National Unity

Topic Sentence: Patriotism fosters national unity and social cohesion.
Example 1: In 2021, the UK’s response to COVID-19 saw a surge in national unity and support for the NHS.
Example 2: In 2018, the French rallied together during the World Cup, boosting national pride and unity.
Example 3: In 2020, Japan’s Olympics preparations highlighted patriotism and collective effort.
Analysis: These examples show how patriotism can bring people together, fostering unity and pride.

V. Opposing View 2: Patriotism Maintains National Identity

Topic Sentence: Patriotism helps maintain and celebrate national identity.
Example 1: In 2017, India’s celebration of Independence Day highlighted its cultural heritage and unity.
Example 2: In 2020, Russia’s Victory Day parade reinforced national pride and historical remembrance.
Example 3: In 2019, Australia Day celebrated national achievements and identity despite controversies.
Analysis: These instances demonstrate how patriotism sustains national identity and cultural values.

VI. Conclusion

Restate Thesis: While globalisation and modern challenges may reduce patriotism’s perceived value, it remains crucial for national unity and identity.
Summary of Key Points: Recap the main supporting and opposing views.
Final Thought: Balance global cooperation with national pride to navigate modern complexities.

Compre Practice 1

David Held describes global politics while Robert O’Keohane presents the difficulties in achieving a global society.

Comprehension practice on global politics and the difficulties in achieving a global society. Download.